Innovative Leadership and Culture Matrix Research Paper

Inventive Leadership and Culture Matrix - Research Paper Example As indicated by Jones, Michael Dell of Dell Computer, â€Å"adopted a totally different way to deal with dealing with his organization. Dell built up a participative administration approach, included representatives in dynamic, and cultivated a feeling of comradeship and collaboration among colleagues to support top execution. His administration style induced exceptional unwaveringness from his representatives, who enjoyed his hands-on approach, and his nearby regard for dealing with his company† (p.10). The creator noticed that â€Å"Michael Dell was mindful so as to watch the teams’ progress intently. At the point when an undertaking appeared not to be working out or was being excessively expensive, he would rapidly end it and move architects to other projects† (p.10). The creator further noted, â€Å"Dell’s information the executives framework, which gives them constant access to its changing information requests, permits them to gauge interest for the ir items months ahead of time, and empowers them to overhaul their items so they will fit better with Dell’s future needs. The cost investment funds that have come about because of this framework have been enormous and have made Dell and its providers the ease chiefs in the PC industry†. Dell’s administration model accentuates authoritative turn of events, advances people from inside, makes hierarchical arrangement, creates center capacities and administrative effectiveness.Dell Corporation had encountered a decrease in development in late 2000. The organization started to concentrate on updating its way of life in a manner that would underscore new qualities

The Social and Legal Aspects of Homosexuality in Hong Kong

The social and legitimate parts of homosexuality in Hong Kong In 1988, there was an extreme contention on whether to sanction homosexuality. Various gatherings communicated their perspectives on open conversation hold in Victoria Park. A gathering of gay men announced that they have a similar commitment to the general public as others. The existed law encroaches on their human right. Then again, Dr. Philemon Choi who restricted decriminalization feared the effects of decriminalization, for example, the expansion of male prostitution despite the fact that he consented to bring down the penalties.Besides, the Law Reform Commission had likewise examined on this point for a long time yet the advancement was moderate. The principle thought was that homosexuality was not about lawful issues however ethical quality; along these lines, the commission proposed slackening the law. Be that as it may, it didn't mean the Acceptance of homosexuality. Numerous individuals despite everything thought some criminal offenses were identified with homosexuality and it was against the profound quality. Also, Despite the connection between Hong Kong and Britain, the freedom development of gay laws was limited due to the International Covenant.One of the alternatives from counsel paper from LRC was keeping up the existed law. It contended that it was a loss for the police to put such a great amount of spotlight on homosexuality rather than other increasingly genuine cases. What I believe is entirely unexpected from the article since there is around 20 years culture hole. Individuals presently are receptive and all the more ready to acknowledge others. The segregation is less basic in the cutting edge society, and I trust all the individuals will acknowledge homosexuality. REF: Louis Lee. â€Å"The social and legitimate parts of homosexuality in Hong Kong† The HKU researcher Hub, (1988) 117-122,web. 9 Apr 2013

Country Comparisons Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nation Comparisons - Assignment Example The GDP (buying power equality) of U.S.A in Billion $ is 14660 while that of Japan is 4310 in a similar cash. These insights are for the year 2008. The two nations are industrialized; notwithstanding, Japan’s government appears to have a littler populace to anticipate when contrasted with the U.S.A. The GDP development pace of Japan is 3.9% and that of U.S.A is 2.8%. This might be because of the littler populace that Japan needs to get ready for (Indexmundi, 2011). India is one of the most thickly populated nations; nonetheless, with a populace of 1,189,172,864, this is somewhat lower than the number of inhabitants in China which remains at 1,336,717,952. India’s populace develops at a higher rate 1.34 percent, when contrasted with China’s 0.49 percent. As yet thinking about the two nations on the part of economy, India posts a GDP of 4,060 out of Billion $, then again, China has a GDP of 10, 090. Nonetheless, the two nations GDP develops at a practically comparative rate with India having a GDP development pace of 10.4% and China 10.3%. This is presumably because of the two nations contrasts in GDP (Indexmundi, 2011). Another nation that is in center is Saudi Arabia which has a populace of 26,131,704 individuals. This populace develops at the pace of 1.54 percent which is the most elevated contrasted with that of the United States, Japan, China and India. The GDP of Saudi Arabia in the year 2008 was 622 Billion $, meaning a development pace of 3.7 percent (Indexmundi, 2011). Mexico, a nation neighboring the United States has a populace of 113,724,224 which develops at the pace of 1.1 percent. Taking a gander at the economy of the nation, it has a Gross Domestic Product of 1,567 out of Billion Dollars; the countries’ economy develops at the pace of 5.5 percent, which is the most noteworthy of the considerable number of nations talked about (Indexmundi, 2011). Notwithstanding the way that Japan has a lower GDP contrasted with the United States, its economy is developing at a quicker rate than the United States, with 3.9

Creating a Plan for Positive Influence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Making a Plan for Positive Influence - Essay Example The scientist expresses that to finish a one †year venture, the group should design deliberately and deliberately how to complete the appointed errand. The individuals from the group must apply acceptable exertion to the undertaking as they function as a group. In any case, in a gathering, the individual individuals will in general contribute less exertion in an undertaking. Given this, the focal point of this article will for the most part dig at making an arrangement for positive impact that would expand the inspiration, fulfillment, and execution among singular individuals from the group. In doing as such, explicitly, this paper targets noting three focuses. Initially, it plans to distinguish the particular contrasts in mentalities, feelings, characters, and qualities among the individual individuals from the group. Second, it focuses to address how such recognized contrasts impact conduct. Last, it means to make an arrangement that would deliver such contrasts to impact deci dedly the entire group. This arrangement made in the article is of centrality to the whole group since it can aid adequately dealing with the group through recognizing and tending to the specific contrasts. This will help to manufacture a high †execution venture focused on the team’s inspiration and profitability. Chain of command and contrasts in job exist to accomplish a mutual objective. In like manner, it is significant for every part to understand their criticalness to the group. Collaboration is a significant key for affecting decidedly the individuals from the group to play out their best.

Recognizing the Symptoms of a Zoloft Overdose

Recognizing the Symptoms of a Zoloft Overdose Depression Treatment Medication Print Symptoms of a Zoloft Overdose By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 14, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overdosing Symptoms Serotonin Syndrome Getting Medical Assistance Treatment Next Steps View All Zoloft (sertraline) is a popular medication used to treat an array of mental disorders and belongs to a class of antidepressants  known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).??  Zoloft is usually prescribed for anxiety disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder  (PTSD). Its also used to treat major depressive ?disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee Overdosing A persons tolerance for a particular drug depends on several factors, including age, body weight, overall health, and whether theyve taken any other substances along with it. These variables make it hard  to generalize whether a particular amount of Zoloft is potentially harmful. One dose of this drug may be exactly right for relieving symptoms for one person, while the same amount of medication could lead to an overdose in another. If you think that  you or someone else has taken an overdose of Zoloft, get help  right away. If youre  feeling suicidal, call your doctor, a suicide hotline,  or emergency medical services. Symptoms Someone whos taken too much Zoloft could have any one or a combination of many potential reactions. However, there are a few symptoms of Zoloft overdose that are common. There are others that are less common but more severe, with medical consequences. Common Symptoms Sleepiness Nausea or vomiting Dizziness Fever Confusion Rapid heartbeat Agitation Shakiness Severe Symptoms Fainting Heart problems Changes in blood pressure (higher or lower than normal) Seizures Delirium Hallucinations Stupor Mania Inflammation of the pancreas Serotonin syndrome Signs of an Antidepressant Overdose Serotonin Syndrome Too much Zoloft also can also lead to a life-threatening  condition called serotonin syndrome, in which dangerously high levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin build up in the brain.?? Symptoms of serotonin syndrome include muscle rigidity, hallucinations, confusion, seizures, and coma. Serotonin syndrome is most likely to happen if another drug that affects serotonin has been taken along with Zoloft.?? Getting Medical Assistance Its important to note that if you or someone you know has accidentally taken a higher dose of Zoloft than prescribed, its a good idea to get help right away before the drug has a chance to cause unpleasant or dangerous symptoms. If a trip to an emergency room isnt possible for some reason, call your local Poison Control center. The staff there is trained to be able to assess your situation over the phone and give advice about what to do. Poison Control is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. According to the American Association of Poison Control Centers, you can reach their toll-free national hotline at 1-800-222-1222 or by going to PoisonHelp.org. To save this information on your smartphone so youll always have it handy, text POISON to 797979. Information to Have Ready When you go to the ER or call Poison Control, the more information youre able to provide, the more precise the treatment can be.  It will be helpful if you have the following information available: How much Zoloft was consumed (actual amount or your best guess)The regular dosage (what the doctor prescribed)The persons age, sex, and weightHow long its been since the drug was takenAny other drugs or supplements that may have been taken along with ZoloftWhether there was the intention to commit suicideCurrent symptoms Treatment If the overdose has been taken fairly recently, it may be possible to pump your or your loved ones stomach to remove any of the drug that hasnt been absorbed yet. Another option is to use activated charcoal, which will soak up any remaining medication in the stomach. Theres no antidote for a Zoloft overdose. This means the most that can be done is carefully monitoring your or your loved ones vital signsâ€"heart rate, breathing, and blood pressureâ€"and treating any problems that may arise. Its important to note that SSRIs like Zoloft rarely cause death, even with an overdose; most deaths are due to co-ingestion with other drugs. ?? Next Steps Following treatment for a Zoloft overdose, people generally make a full recovery once the drug has fully left their system.?? The next step is to make sure that an overdose does not happen again.   If the overdose was accidental, your doctor will advise you on what to do next, which may involve switching to a different antidepressant or adjusting your dosage. There are a few things you can do to prevent an accidental overdose: If you happen to miss a dose of your medication, you should take the dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, however, simply skip the missed dose and take your next dose at your regular time.You should never take two doses of Zoloft at the same time, as it can lead to an accidental overdose.Avoid taking Zoloft with other prescription antidepressants.Talk to your doctor about any other medications you may be taking.Avoid recreational substance use to reduce the risk of overdose or interactions. If the overdose was intentional, short-term treatment may involve hospitalization until the risk of suicide is no longer imminent. Zoloft use may be suspended and health professionals may advise switching to another type of antidepressant if sertraline has not been effective in reducing depressive symptoms.   Long-term treatments may then involve the use of antidepressants, psychotherapy, and psychosocial support to address suicidal thoughts and symptoms of depression. If you are experiencing suicidal thoughts or are thinking about harming yourself, call 911 or contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255. Precautions You Should Take Before Taking Zoloft

The process of reform in the agricultural sector in China - 2750 Words

The process of reform in the agricultural sector in China (Term Paper Sample) Content: The process of reform in the agricultural sector in ChinaNameCourseInstructorDate China is an Asian country whose population is extremely high thus putting much pressure on the food produce available in the economy. The number of people who need food resources is high thus implying that the government has to devise mechanisms of ensuring that it meets this basic requirement. The government perceives agriculture as one of the most essential industries that are necessary for economic growth and development where efforts have been made to increase the food supply in the economy (Li, 2010). China is an economy that is expanding tremendously in the global economy owing to the numerous industries in the economy that are able to produce lots of products for export purposes. China has also been exporting food products implying that there is plenty of it in the local economy to the extent that it surpasses the local demand thus warranting export.There have been various reforms that are credited for enhancing the increase in value of agricultural production, which grows at a rate of 4.8% annually, which represents an increase of 2.75% more than what was achieved 26 years earlier (Li, 2010). The output of meat, fruits, aquatic products, and edible oil has increased tremendously as a result of these reforms. There have also been structural changes in agricultural production where new methods of doing things have come in as a result of technological improvements.Before the onset of the agricultural reforms in this economy, almost one third of Chinese living in rural areas were underfed. The problem was fixed by the tremendous reforms that were introduced by joined efforts of the government and the private sector. According to Wouters (2012), majority of Chinese live above poverty line at the moment since they enjoy an abundant supply of food resulting from the improvements in agriculture.The origin of agricultural reform of China begun under the central plan ning mechanism that was initiated in 1950s when the government installed the soviet style of planning that was to steer industrialization in the country (Findlay Martin, 1993). Agriculture productivity was quite low by that time implying that majority of Chinese had to depend on little food supplies that they could cultivate on their farms or trade with their neighbors. The government came up with reforms that supported agriculture helping to provide farm equipment to organizations and individuals. After this, the government followed up by setting procurement and marketing board, which was charged with the responsibility of purchasing agricultural products from farmers and sell abroad where prices were high to help in the foreign exchange that was re-invested in agriculture and other related processing industries.The first reform that was witnessed in agriculture was the change of the production system. The Chinese people together with their leaders managed to come together to ensu re an increase in the rate of production in the economy. Li (2010) claims that the households were encouraged to increase their production level by being allowed access to farm inputs at cheap prices while the government used to help them to market the produce to the urban centers where the demand for the farm produce and food in particular were extremely high. It implies that the rural agriculture sector was playing a significant role as a producer of raw produce where the produce could be taken to the urban centers inform of food or raw materials to the variety of agriculturally based industries for processing. The government came up with the contract farming system to replace the collective farming system that was widely used in the previous years (Binswanger-Mkhize et al., 2009). Under the collective system, farmers were encouraged to join cooperative societies to get incentives to increase their productivity. The contract system was to safeguard the interests of the farmers wh ere they were now allowed to enter in contracts with firms to supply them farm produce and agreed upon terms and conditions.The reforms involving the price and market system are also regarded as the process that led to massive transformations in the agricultural sector of china as a whole. By the time these new reforms were introduced, the institutional and structural transformation of the agriculture sector was almost complete where the household-based farm production was functioning well in supplying the farm produce to various markets that had been made available especially in the rural areas. The process of marketing and price systems especially regarding cotton and grain was essential and is still essential from the early days.Currently, the Chinese government is still concerned about the need to introduce further reforms in the agricultural sector. One of the areas that are under consideration is the pricing mechanism that shall enhance productivity and competitiveness. The Co mmunist party leaders have indicated that there is need to support the issue of having a market based economy where there is no intervention in the prices and pricing of firms (Binswanger-Mkhize et al., 2009). This is a reform that is going to help the Chinese products to become competitive in the global market since the prices will tend to reflect the costs incurred in production and distribution. There are social aspects that are embedded in the current pricing system where the government normally subsidize or help the farmers to produce their products. In such a scenario, the produce can get to consumers at relatively low prices. Majority of the rural dwellers are able to access various agricultural products at cheaper pieces. The local industries that depend on the agricultural products as source of inputs are helped by the government to get the required inputs at low prices for them to produce at low costs. The products produced by the agro-based industries are taken to the int ernational markets as exports thus earning foreign exchange.There was a contract system, which had been initiated in 1979 that increased procurement activities of 18 major agricultural products that led to an increase in prices to up to 25%. There was a need for more reforms to ensure that the prices of products were fair enough to ensure that the farmers got value for their efforts. Marketing and price mechanisms were supposed to help the farmers to access markets at reasonable prices. There were numerous mechanisms and effort by the government to market the farm produce to industrial and domestic consumers Binswanger-Mkhize et al., 2009). These were responsible for the purchase of produce from farmers to enable them to expand their activities to a large scale thus leading to increased production to meet the escalating demand fin the economy.The economy has benefited from the tremendous growth in the agricultural sector that has derived most of its success from the establishment an d popularization of Household Responsibility System (HRS) that has led to the independence of farmers thus enabling the growth of the market economic system. The agricultural commercialization in China is credited as a reform that has enhanced the increase of farm products and production factors, which have ended up giving regulation a driving role in the agricultural economy (Findlay Martin, 1993). The growth of this industry has been credited to the signing of numerous international trade pacts between China and her trading partners as the US under the surveillance of World Trade Organization to ensure and facilitate fair trade. Data collected by Li (2010) shows that the marketing reforms that paved way for international trade were responsible for the major milestone that was seen in 1998 where China made history by exporting agricultural products that were worthy over US $26.2 billion. It was a milestone that opened doors for increased exportation of agricultural products to for eign countries to earn China the much needed foreign exchange.The economy has always been changing rapidly due to various developments and transformations witnessed both in Chins and around the world. The period between 1980 and 2010 saw China record large increases in population, which meant that the government and other stakeholders had to go to the drawing table to draft new strategies to ensure food security in the local setting (Wouters, 2012). It was argued by various economists that it was only through meeting local demand for agricultural products that will pave the way for increased participation in the global market. The demand and supply for food have almost been nearing the same mark thus prompting the stakeholders to react by devising modern mechanisms of ensuring productivity.The agricultural strategies that have been implemented include use of modern methods of farming based on scientific principles and methods where thorough research activities and use of modern tech nology are incorporated in the sector. These reforms have had both their advantages and disadvantages to the economy as a whole. Among the reported disadvantages is the idea of enhancing a surplus in the demand and supply equation (Findlay, Martin, 1993). The surplus has been cited as a blessing in disguise since it has majorly been occurring at the low-income level thus making it to be a structural problem to the economy.The shortage of agricultural produce to feed the ever increasing number of industries under the industrialization process of china has led to a new thinking among the government and private stakeholders (Findlay Martin, 1993). The outcome of the new deliberations that the government has been engaging farmers, experts, and other interested parties have led to the decisions that have enhanced the conducting of strategic adjustment in agriculture. These decisions are targeting to have improvements in the quality ...

Progeria Adolescents Living in the Bodies of the Elderly...

One hundred and thirteen children have the mind of an adolescent, but the body of the elderly. (Gordon) These children are dealing with the deadly disease known as Progeria. The main cause of this is a minute genetic mutation, which leads to an abundant amount of symptoms. Progeria does not affect a ubiquitous number of people; however, it still has an impact on the victim and their families. In the beginning stages, the child grows slowly without any weight gain resulting in the appearance of aging. The childs life is also affected due to the symptoms, tests, and treatments they experience. Progeria is a rare ailment in adolescents that stems from a specific genetic abnormality for which there is no current cure, and it dramatically†¦show more content†¦Some ways to detect Progeria are genetic tests of the patient’s blood and clinical exams. Furthermore, the major signs begin developing when the child is around eighteen to twenty-four months old and he will experienc e accelerated aging even though he was born looking normal. One major symptom is hair loss. Patients are born with hair texture and color, but around six months to two years, the hair begins to fall out. Then, from two to three years, they are usually bald, but might have some thin, light hair. Loss of eyelashes and eyebrows are also experienced. Along with hair loss, these children grow slowly resulting in a shrunken physique and minimal weight gain. For males, their approximate height and weight are 40 inches and 25 pounds; but females are about 32 inches and 20 pounds. In When Good Things Happen to Bad People, doctors have stated these kids will grow to be very short, and would never grow much beyond three feet.( Kusher 1-2) Moreover, there are distinctive physical traits in the face and body. By the second year of life, there is also under development (hypoplasia) of the facial bones and the lower jaw. (Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria) Also, the face appears disproportionately small in comparison to the head, and bones of the front and the sides of the skull (cranium) are unusually prominent. (Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria) Some other characteristics observed in the face are a thin

Comparative Study for Tess of Durbervilles and Jude of the Obscure - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1713 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2018/12/29 Category Literature Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Level High school Tags: Character Analysis Essay Novel Essay Did you like this example? The book of DUrbervilles, the problems of Tess tend to start when his father comes to know that their family came from ancient family. She experiences pressure which makes her to approach Alec DUrberville who seduces her. Later they bear a kid together but the kid dies at her infancy stage. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Comparative Study for Tess of Durbervilles and Jude of the Obscure" essay for you Create order Thereafter, Tess falls in love with Angel. She tells her story of DUrberville to Angel who does not become happy about it because he says she is not pure hence he leaves claiming that DUrberville may come back to her. Tess becomes desperate up to an extent where she become the mistress of Alec until Angel comes back. Tess kills Alec and escapes with Angel but she is later caught and charged with murder and eventually she is killed. On the other hand Jude has an ambition of joining the university. He is distracted by the village girl and they end up delivering the child together. Later they separate and Jude tries to pursue her dreams and goals (Hardy, 12-14). The university rejects him hence leading him to work as the stonemason. In the process he come to meet his cousin who is more educated and intelligent than him. In the process they start a relationship and finally they end up having kids together. They experience a lot of problems together up to an extent the kid of Arabella kil ls the kid they have delivered with her cousin. The kid of Arabella finally kills himself. At the end the two separates and her cousin goes back to her husband and Jude goes back to Arabella who they had kid together before. The paper is going to explore different aspects that are read from the two books. The aspects are, the changing of the ideas for the Social Class, women being dominated by the men, love, the existence of injustice and the naturalistic nature. In Hardys book, Jude is portrayed as the dreamer. Jude becomes a prisoner for her own physical nature and one of the desperate haunting creations. Jude is dark and not sympathetic account for the insuperable obstructions of the existence of human that show the yawning of Hardy for spiritual values that passed and the despair of their fall. In DUrbervilles, Hardy shows the issues about the mores that concern the sexuality in the society. This done through him questioning the compassionate of the society and the defending of the heroine who becomes seduced, and raped with the son of the employer. She delivers an illegitimate child and she is rejected by the man who she married and loved. She is finally killed for the murdering of the original lover (Thomas, 34-45). Hardy brings out the class of the education system as being challenged. This is through the defeat of the aspirations of Jude to the knowledge. At this moment the mortality becomes affronted in a way that it is sympathetically shows Jude and Sue changing partners leading to having kids together without the knowledge of marriage in their minds. On the other hand Tess is seen moving from one world which has beautiful regions within Marlott. She descends to the slopes to have a claim kin and there the environment is cool and formal but it is contrived. In Talbothays is the place where Tess comes to experience the great joy and happiness. The place is green and at the same time it is fertile. On the other hand the region of Flintcomb-Ash is barren showing the harshness for the work of Tesss life. Finally the narrative comes into an end in an equal way of mysterious region (Lall, 40-75). Unfairness is observed in the life of Tess and his family generally up to an extent that it becomes as if it is the aspect that is general for human survival for Tess for dUrbervilles. Tess has no intention of murdering Prince nevertheless she receives the punishment though like how Alec was punished in the unfair way for the rape that was conducted by him. Nor do we seem to have any kind of justice that is being waited for in heaven? Tess shows the images of the significance for societal class of England at nineteenth-century plus the hardship for the class that is defining in the simple way. Therefore the theme which is recurrent is which shows how the men tend to dominate the women, having power over them connected primarily to the maleness of their own (Millgate, 93-115). The central theme of Hardys novel is love. This is clearly shown through the emphasis for the part that women played through the human drummer. Hardy tries to show that the existence for women as a whole, was love. He shows their sweetness, courtly, frailly, submissiveness and the caprice. He tries to represent them when they are fault through the tender chivalry. He has sympathy to women and the suffering of Tess. The attitude was partially because his temperament he was born for the love of fair sex. But it is as a result of his own view towards the human nature. Women are shown in a way that they depend on fate hence it causes tragedy to them. Tess therefore becomes the victim of the men for whom she had love for Angel. The strong sympathy that Hardy has driven him to become hostile to such kind of idealism. Tess represents those victims with supernatural forces (David, 511-522). The final paragraph of DUrbervilles shows the immortals for the spot of the novels of the heroine. Jude shows the tragedy for the fulfilled aims that are thwarted within the two agencies which are distinct hence showing the ambitions of the man who is poor and man who is weak in terms of character. The adequacy of these leads to obstacles which are abundantly proved but the main characters Jude and Sue become conscious. On top of that there is also deeper hostility which is more comprehensive and Tess becomes the impeachment of the divine and human agencies. Jude expresses his sympathy for women in his sub-title A pure woman faithfully presented. The critical handling that Jude employees led to the end of the warfare of Hardy with most critics. Jude as the hero becomes the late comer in the long line for the Victorian characters who are fictional. The young talented man tries to show the position he stands for contrary to the ads for the society (Tomalin, 113-145). DUrbervilles shows the complex pictures for importance of the social during the nineteenth century of England plus difficulties for defining the class in a simple way. Durbeyfields become the powerful emblem whereby the class becomes no more in terms of evaluation in the Victorian times as the way it could be during middle Ages. Durbeyfields have the purity in terms of blood despite the person plus almost everyone in the book, hence this this leads to pieces for the genealogical trivia. In the context of Victoria, money matters a lot as compared to the issue of lineage which shows how Simon the father of Alec was successful in the usage of his fortune, which was large in terms of purchase for the lustrous family, and transformation of his clan to the Stoke-dUrbervilles. These issue of the class confusion goes further to affect the Clare clan, whose son is the most promising, Angel, who intends to become the agriculturalist and wedding of the maid, hence sidestepping the freedoms of t radition for the Cambridge schooling plus the rectory. His readiness to toil alongside the labores for a ranch gives him help to ingratiate him towards Tess, hence their associate may not become potential if he was extra of the old-style. Therefore the characters who are in the triangle of Angel, Tess and Alec become powerfully marked by the misperception concerning their societal classes (Woodhall, 90-120). Most of the features in the novel tend to be based on the naturalistic theory. The milieu is the environment where the people reside hence it serves the importance for the lives for the characters and heredity hence therefore it becomes one of the naturalistic influences. It plays the role of determining temperaments for the characters, their deeds, behaviors and the mental deposition. Social and the natural setting is visibly seen by main characters of the book. This is because their background tend to be portrayed at a greater detail. Milieu tend to influence the lives of people in the different degree and manner. Clair is heard saying that unfairness has become dominant amongst the life of Tess plus his family to the level that it is seen as normal in their existence. Christianity shows that there is compensation later after life for the unhappiness of the suffering in this life. The forces that tend to control life are irregular and are not fit shown to people. Pre-Christian serv ices that are done with the workers of the farm at beginning of the book plus the last rest of Tess in Stonehenge help us to recall of the world which gods tend not to be fair but are uncaring in nature. This is shown through the quoteJustice was done, and the President of the immortals had ended his spot with Tess.(Yeganeh, 60-79). Discrimination of women by men is seen when Alec acknowledges that he seduces Tess at his own benefit. The abuse that Alec shows to Tess becomes the most serious occurrence that shows the dominance of male over women. Another good example is seen when Angel says that he has preference for Tess, the friend to Tess, Ratty, wants to commit suicide and also a friend to her, Marian, ends being alcoholic which leads to their past youngster who falls for Angel look alarming. The offence does not just show affection but the fascination which is not healthy. The girls seem to be having a desire for the man who does not realize that the women have an interest in him. This shows how women are more unsettling as compared to the outward of Alec and the cruelty. Lastly, the two novels bring out the tragic stories for the single life. They tend to bring the realism of nature in an understable way. The issue of symbolism is brought out well and in a clear manner.

Wind Powers Power to Create Electricity Essay - 1081 Words

Earth, as of today, is a world run by fuels and electricity. Every man, woman, and child is directly affect by them, whether it is by its consumption, uses, or price. One of the more recent sources for these fuels and electricity isn’t actually very recent at all. Wind Energy, or Wind Power when it is being converted into a useful form of energy, has actually been around for thousands of years. It has been used to push ships, as natural ventilation, and to pump seawater.{Insert thesis Here} James Blyth was a Scottish scientist who created the first electricity generating windmill, which powered his vacation home in Marykirk, Scotland. The United Kingdom soon ruled his invention uneconomical, or a waste of time and resources, because they†¦show more content†¦Later, wind energy served mankind by energising his grain grinding mills and water pumps. During its transformation from these crude and heavy devices to today’s efficient and sophisticated machines, the technology went through various phases of development†¦.The earliest documented design of wind mill dates back to 200 B.C. The Persians used wind mills from grinding grains during this period. (Sathyajith Mathew 2) By the 14th Century, Windmills were being used as tools to drain the Rhine delta by the Dutch. In the 1900s, the massive amount of windmills in Denmark was producing roughly 30 Megawatts of electricity. That is roughly enough electricity to power a small to medium sized town. It is al so enough to provide power to any one of these: 8,000 average homes, 400 fast food restaurants, 60 large retail stores, 50 grocery stores, 40 large home improvement stores, 2 Sears towers, 1 computer data center. The efficiency of a windmill, or the more modern wind turbine is one of the most critical factors of production. With some certain wind turbines, the efficiency can and may degrade slightly over time, but the time it takes for the production value to drop 10% is almost 20 years after the construction of that turbine, and even with that, not all turbines will degrade at that rate. Also, not all of the energy of the blowing wind is useable, because as the scientific law of the conservation of mass states that as much mass that enters the wind turbine must also exitShow MoreRelated Nuclear Power Essay1921 Words   |  8 PagesNuclear power is a technology that has enormous benefits for humankind. As the demand for energy is only continuing to grow, it has become important to develop energy technology that has good yield and minimal negative side effects. After the harnessing of the atom for use in nuclear weapons, the knowledge of how to exploit the atom became incorporated in nuclear power plants (Corradini 1). 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Cosmetic Surgery Life Or Image More Valuable - 1393 Words

Is life or image more valuable? In 2012, 14.6 million cosmetic plastic surgery procedures, including both minimally-invasive and surgical, were performed in the United States (14.6 Million Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Procedures Performed in 2012). There a people who lose their lives each and every day just because they are not happy with the way they look. Patients who desire a change in appearance go to a cosmetic surgeon where countless numbers of mishaps could happen and do happen. This is an unsettling fact for many; however, there is nothing that can prevent people from going to the cosmetic surgeons due to the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. Cosmetic surgery should be limited because these surgeries have too many†¦show more content†¦Most of the cosmetic surgeries performed are to improve facial appearance. In the United States, the most common cosmetic surgeries on the face are rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, and rhytidectomy. Some nonsurgical cosmetic tr eatments include Botox injections and other procedures to hide wrinkles. (Cosmetic Surgery) The first reason cosmetic surgery should be limited is because there are several complications that could occur during surgery. The more surgeries one has preformed on them, the greater the chance of a mishap occurring during their surgery. These procedures have resulted in permanent disfigurement and even death. (Lusted, 13) â€Å"Patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, lung disease, or obesity are at higher than average risk of developing pneumonia or having a stroke, a heart attack, or blood clots in the legs or lungs after surgery. Other risks include bleeding, infection, skin breakdown, or accumulation of clear fluid (seroma) or blood (hematoma) beneath the incision.† (Cosmetic Surgery) Another reason cosmetic surgery should be limited is because most peoples’ expectations are not met after the surgery. â€Å"The results may disappoint patients, especially those hoping for an extreme change. Patients who look to cosmetic surgery as a way to improve thei r romantic

Do Voilent Video Games Cause Violence in Children Free Essays

Carolina Hernandez Do Violent Video Games Cause Violence In Children? 1. Introduction A. Attention Catcher: Imagine you’re in your room, all the lights are off, and you TV is on, you sit there holding a game controller, the words GAME OVER are flashing on the screen. We will write a custom essay sample on Do Voilent Video Games Cause Violence in Children? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The game was hard, you killed as many zombies as you could, and this is what you get?! A game over screen?! You play the level again. Mid-way through the level, someone opens the door to your room. The light stings your eyes, momentarily forgetting about the game, your character dies because a zombie ate his brains. You get so angry; you punch the person who made you lose the game! B. Listener Relevance Link: Most of you in this room play video games, right? Do you ever feel†¦angry after playing a violent video game? If you’re one of the people who don’t, it’s mostly because of your personality. If you’re an angrier person by nature, these video games should affect you more if you are. C. Speaker Credibility Statement: Let me start this off by saying I love video games. I have a video game in my backpack right now. Most of the video games I play are adventure games that involve fighting. Usually I’m not affected by them, unless I get competitive about it. My brother and I used to fight after playing a game if one of us lost, and sometimes it would result in fist fighting. My brother and I don’t play video games together that much anymore. Still, after playing a particularly violent game, I will not be angry, but my brother will. This is because we’re different types of people with different personalities, which results in different reactions. Video games never made me want to kill someone. D. Thesis Statement: All this results in one questions, do violent video games affect the player’s violent tendencies? E. Preview: In this speech, I’ll talk about the research done on this topic, and it’s results on how it affects children and teen’s violent tendencies. 2. Body A. First Main Point These days, video games about violence are the most popular types of games. The rating system the games are put through should be the answer, but when states have tried to keep underage children from playing â€Å"M† games, they are often challenged in court in favor of the said child who wants to play the game. Though video games DO cause violence, they are over-dramatized to how MUCH violence they cause. In one of my sources, the mild-manner personality types were least affected, while angry people by nature where affected more. 1. Sub Point Professor Patrick Markey Says â€Å"Their personality made a big difference. People who are extremely angry tend to be much more affected by violent videogames than people who are not angry and of course the opposite is true that people who are not angry are virtually unaffected by violent videogames. So it’s both the person and, in essence, the situation. † B. Second Main Point In 2003, teenager Devin Moore shot and killed 3 people in a police station in Alabama. After being found and caught by the police, Moore told them in a police interview â€Å"Life is like a video game. Everybody’s got to die sometime. This resulted in a lawsuit against the advertisers of Grand Theft Auto, the game that two of the families of the victims claimed compelled him to do what he did. (The game is like a simulated cop-killer. ) 1. Sub Point What I just told you was an extreme case of violent video games gone wrong. Most of the people who do play Grand Theft Auto play it for fun. Nicholas Hammer, a law student at the time who was demonstrating the video ga me for the source, says he, like every other person who plays violent video games, plays them for fun. But did you ever think that the reason a person did this was not just the video game, but the person itself and their environment? 2. Sub Point Moore was compelled to do what he did is based on his environment. Moore came from a troubled home and bounced from foster family to foster family. When you are a teenager, the part of your brain that manages things like impulse control and urges, is under development during teen years, not fully developed until our early twenties. David Walsh, a Children’s psychologist says â€Å"†¦ when a young man with a developing brain, already angry, spends hours and hours and hours rehearsing violent acts, and then, and he’s put in this situation of emotional stress, there’s a likelihood that he will literally go to that familiar pattern that’s been wired repeatedly, perhaps thousands and thousands of times,† So it was not really the video game in this scenario, but the type of person and their respective environments. C. Third Main Point Many states have tried to ban sales of rated â€Å"M† video games to those under 17; Minnesota even tried to make a law that would fine children caught with â€Å"M† video games that was unsuccessful. I believe that there should be certain laws made against minors buying â€Å"M† video games. 1. Sub Point I believe that there should be a law that prohibits minors from buying rated â€Å"M† games unless there is a parent or guardian there with them. This would make it harder for children to buy video games that are â€Å"M† because their parents would most likely not approve of them. 2. Sub Point Demos of the video game should be offered to parents for the parent to play before buying it for their child. If a parent is offered a demo, they are more likely to play it to see if they want their child to be playing this before they give them the actual game. 3. Sub Point Video game stores should have a mandatory ID or Driver’s License check when a minor is buying a rated â€Å"M† video game. 3. Conclusion A. Thesis Restatement Video games don’t really have a large part in violent tendencies, but it still depends on the type of person or their environment. But there should still be laws not allowing minors to buy rated â€Å"M† games. B. Main Point Summary These main points are all about how video games, and how to stop minors from buying rated â€Å"M† games. C. Clincher Whether or not, in the end, video games have a large affect on a certain type of person’s mindset, something should be done to stop minors from playing games that are inappropriate for their age. 4. References Campell, Colin. â€Å"Games Do Cause Violent Behavior (But Not Much). † business week. 25/4/07. Web. 22 Nov 2009. http://www. businessweek. com/innovate /content/apr2007/id20070425_615390. htm. â€Å"Can A Video Game Lead To Murder?. † 60 Minutes, Web. 22 Nov 2009. http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2005/03/04/60minutes/main678261. shtml. How to cite Do Voilent Video Games Cause Violence in Children?, Papers

Past - Present And Future Of Australian Bank’s Regulations - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Past, Present And Future Of Australian Banks Regulations. Answer: Introduction Banking is a major sector in the economy of Australia and it contributes significant portion in the countrys economic condition. The financial sector of Australia is extremely liquid strong and sophisticated and therefore it is ranked at the fourth position in the entire world for the size of its pool of assets i.e. the investments funds. The banking sector of Australia constitutes mainly four prime banks which are as follows: Commonwealth Bank of Australia Westpac Banking Corporation National Australia Bank Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Due to the financial stability maintained by the banking companies in Australia and the activities offinance such as lending and borrowing functions, the financial sector of Australia has been rated as the best financial centres in the world. Apart from the activities of financial intermediation, the banks in Australia are also involve in other functions such as stock broking activities, financial market trading, insurance activities etc. The banking regulation includes different areas such as the legislative framework under which the Banks and other financial institutions are working, the regulatory bodies that are controlling the banking sector, the supervisory bodies of financial sector, licensing policies of banking industries etc. History of Australian Banks Regulations The first bank that was started in Australia in 1817 was the bank of New South Wales. The increase in the values of the properties in Australia caused the crisis in Australian bank. In the past, the regulation in the banking sector was not much stringent and there was no tight control of government over the banks of Australia due to which many commercial banks were failed to operate. The country had to face huge depression in 1930 due which there a series of bank failures. But after the depressions end, the banking regulation in Australia was made strict which made it nearly impossible to set up any branch in Australia for the foreign owned banks. Resultantly, the banks in Australia were quite less in comparison to the other countries. With the tight regulation, the Australian banks were bifurcated in two main categories i.e. the Savings Banks and the Trading Bank (Joshi, Cahill Sidhu, 2010). Since the regulatory framework for the banking industry was getting extremely strict, anoth er type ofnon-banking finance organisations in financial system were started getting developed like the credit union and the building societies. As these institutions were not recognised as banks they were free from the strict regulatory policies of banking system it privileged them give and take loans at higher rates of interest but at the same time they were allowed to provide only the limited services. However, the regulatory policies of banking sector in Australia were being removed at a slow pace in 1960 and as a result of which the classification of banks as trading and savings banks was nullified and every Australian bank was given the liberty to work as merchant banks to perform their functioning in the money market (Griffith-Jones Rodriguez, 2016). Moreover, the banks were given the independence to set the rates of interests on their own. As deregulation of banking industry was being carried out, the controls in the foreign exchange areas well also completely abandoned lea ding to the easy float of Australian currency i.e. the Australian dollar in 1983 (Singleton Verhoef, 2010). The changes in the regulatory policies allowed those non- bankingfinance institutions to turn into banks without any requirement of demutualisation. After this, in 1990 the Australian government started with a policy known as four pillars policy in context with the Australian Banking System, through which it restricted the mergers of the four major banks. This act of government was well established policy and not merely a formal regulation. Present Structure of Banks Regulations The regulatory framework for the banking system in Australia that is in existence recently is comprehensive and extensive primarily divide into two parts as shown and discussed below: However, the Australian banks are generally self-regulated. The Reserve Bank of Australia is also an important constitute of Australian banking regulatory framework. APRA is a statutory body formed for the regulation offinance industry in Australia. It was established in July, 1998. It was formed to regulate institutions like banks, insurance companies, building-societies, credit unions etc. so as to ensure they are financially stable to fulfil their obligations towards their depositors, policy holders. APRA is responsible for the supervision and providing the licenses to operate to various superannuation funds and the insurance companies (Dollery, Kortt Grant , 2013). The institutions of finance to whom APRA is regulating, are required to provide the report of their operations to APRA on a regular basis. APRA has announced certain guidelines on capital adequacy ratio to be maintained by banks, which are in line with the BASEL II guidelines. ASIC is an independent body with the key responsibility of regulation of certain financial companies and banks. Along with that it also has the responsibility of ensuring the protection of the consumers right, imparting financial literacy, overseeing the corporate governance practices, managing the financial services etc. As the regulators of Australian banks ASIC assesses the efficiency with which the banks are complying the regulatory requirements applicable on the Australian banks. Reserve Bank of Australia: The reserve bank is given the responsibility to formulate the banking policies and to issue of norms of operations of Australian banks. It is the central bank of Australia and the powers are assigned to it through the Reserve Bank Act. RBA also provides various services relating to banking to the government of Australia and to the other financial institutions and banks operating in Australia. The RBA seeks to encourage the maintenance of stability in the financial system of banking institutions and it also ensures the safety in the system of payments deployed by the banks. The currency notes of Australian country are also issue by the Reserve Bank of Australia. There is a drastic increase in the number of inquiries and investigations of the Australian banking institutions over last few years as the regulations towards the banking sector is getting stringent gradually. The bank regulators of the banks are requiring the banking institutions to be more compliant towards the rules framed therein. The violations of which includes heavy fines and penalty provisions. The regulations are quite tight in certain areas such as the money laundering activities, breach of banks code of conduct, activities of insider trading and other crimes in the financial areas are involving heavy litigations to prevent such an unethical conduct in banking sectors as public invests their huge funds in these financial institutions therefore a greater level of transparency is required to be maintained by the banks. Moreover, the current reforms that have introduced in the banking sector all over the globe have the objectives of enhancing the quality and quantity of capitals of banks and to instigate its consistency in the liquidity position of banks. These reforms are also targeted to achieve the greater level of transparency in banking sectors through the proper and necessary disclosures thereby strengthening the banks performance (Uddin Suzuki, 2011). In the past the original Basel Original accord 1988 was implemented and then in 2008 the new Basel Capital Framework was introduced. As with the new reform as Basel III, the compliance requirements have also increased (Eubanks, 2010). The committee which is handed over the function of implementation of Basel III is required to ensure the consistent delivery of outcomes in the banking sector. The proposal of APRA for the implementation of the Capital Reform Basel III was passed in the month of September 2011. And the banking institutions in Australia have to comply with the reform requirements at the soonest. At the same time APRA has refused to accept any alternative accounting treatment for particular items in the calculation of regulatory capital (Angelini, et al., 2015). The requirements of Basel III were applicable globally on the financial institutions, as a whole. However there is an element which is exclusively applicable to certain countries since Australia is one among those countries as it has very intense system of banking. The name of that element is D-SIB which the framework for dealing Domestic Systematically Important Banks. Future of Banking Regulations in Australia The banking in future will not be the same banking in current period as there are extensive forces which are influencing the Australian banking sector behaviour of customers, changes in democracy, technological advancements, governmental regulations and the depression in the global economy. To create the financial gains for the shareholders, the Australian banks needs to be remove the complexities of banking sectors and to be more compliant towards the regulations made by the government for the financial industries. According to Bill Clinton, the time of moderate or negligible regulations is now passed and the regulators of Australian banks have restarted to impose stringent regulatory requirements to the banking sectors. To improve the operations and the financial performance the banks in Australia will have to be re-focussed on their approach towards the compliances of regulatory requirements made by the Australian regulators of banking industry (Bologna, 2010). Not only the maintenance of transparency in banking functions is required out for better compliance of regulations but also the serious commitment of firm towards the goodwill maintenance in the market through excellent credit ratings. The eminent credit rating of a bank itself is the valuable asset for the banks as it will have positive influence on the regulators thereby helping the banks to avoid the unpleasant interventions of the regulators. Since the quality of any banks compliance practices towards the regulations is shared publically through the annual reports and the governmental mediums therefore the banks must not consider these regulations as the management of external risk on business rather these requirements should be assumed as the management of a most vital asset of the banks which is needed to be fostered. The privileges of having good or excellent credit ratings are enormous for any financial institution. The banks must accept that the major regulatory bodies such as APRA, ASIC and RBA are in the exclusive position to deal with the antitrust concerns that may prevent the banking company to incorporate the changes which are in public interest. The Australian regulations will still continue to remain focused on the corporate governance requirements for the banking and the other financial sectors. But the introduction of new capital requirements through the implementation of Basel III capital reforms will strengthen the banking industry and at the same time will provide the industry with the key challenges. In spite of the numerous global uncertainties such as delayed implementation of new capital reforms, APRA and ASIC are closely checking and monitoring the developments that are going on in the banking industry in todays era. The Australian regulators have to cope with the international standards otherwise it would lead to inefficiencies in the banking sector with increased level of risks. Even after the stricter regulations the banking sectors are encountering the issues of failures in the compliance requirements, violations of code of conduct with in the regulatory framework are being reported which requires holistic att ention of the regulatory bodies for Australian Banks (Jeucken, 2010). The banks top level management such as the Board of Directors etc. are required to define the corporate culture within their banking organisations so as to have a strong compliance framework. Therefore the Australian regulations needs to be more attentive towards these corporate values and must make the required rules in such areas. The regulations must also be extended towards the business strategies formulated and implemented by the Australian banks and the financial institutions and they should also provide for the interest of banks interests i.e. the banks must be regulated to not perform anything prejudicial in the public or the customers interests. The new standard on financial institutions are soon to be introduced in near future i.e. 2018 and they will put higher regulatory requirements to be complied with in accordance with the IFRS 9. Moreover, the new payment platform is also developed collectively by many financial institutions so that it will lead to detection of fraud done by the banking institutions, money laundering practices and will manage the liquidity and credit limits of the banks. From 2017 the Australian regulators together with the other international regulatory bodies will necessitate the collaboration with new participants to deal with requirements of daily margin maintenance. Recommendations for future regulation in Australian Banks Supervision over regulations The financial stability cannot be attained only through tight regulations as it also requires good amount of supervision at a higher level for the same. Regulations cannot be assumed as the alternative solution of supervision. As supervision has its own importance it must be considered and the drawback of extremely tight regulations on the banking industry must be analysed by the regulators. As APRAs has already been serving the Australian banking industry with the focus on supervision approach it must be retained further by the regulators with the implementation of new rules that are agreed upon (Brmer Gischer, 2012). Regulations and financial innovation The innovation that is being carried out in the banking or the financial system over several years has made it easy for the public to raise funds from banks at flexible loan terms and at lower interest rates. Innovation has helped the financial systems to maintain the risk involved in their banking business more efficiently and effectively. However, with such practices of innovation in their functions and services, it is difficult to frame the regulations for the new services as it is not very clear in the initial stage as to what the bank products actually are. So the Australian regulators must consider as to how to deal with the financial innovations coming up in the banking sector of Australia. However, the supervisor of banking industry must track the areas of financial innovations to supervise the banking companies to manage the risks in new areas of service. Conclusions It is well demonstrated from the above research that the Australian banks have performed much better than the banks in the other countries over a period of time. The main reason for the same is the APRAs strict regulations and supervision for the banking sector in Australia and also because of the sound economic position of Australian markets. The performance also indicates Australian banks higher standards of operations than that of other countries. International regulatory bodies along with the major regulators of Australian financial markets viz. APRA, ASIC and RBA have provided consistent and comprehensive regulatory frameworks to the financial institutions to adhere on and the Australian banks have responded to the regulatory requirements in an adequate manner. The regulations imposed by the governmental authorities have both positive as well as the negative impacts as these are good enough for the safety and transparency point of view, at the same time the banks tends to lose t heir key focus on the operations when they are much concerned about the compliance requirements. References: Angelini, P., Clerc, L., Crdia, V., Gambacorta, L., Gerali, A., Locarno, A., Motto, R., Roeger, W., Van den Heuvel, S. and Vl?ek, J., 2015. Basel III: Long?term Impact on Economic Performance and Fluctuations.The Manchester School,83(2), pp.217-251. Bologna, P., 2010. Australian banking system resilience: What should be expected looking forward? An international perspective. Brmer, P. and Gischer, H., 2012.Domestic systemically important banks: An indicator-based measurement approach for the australian banking system. Univ., Faculty of Economics and Management. Dollery, B.E., Kortt, M.A. and Grant, B.J., 2013. Funding the future: Financial sustainability and infrastructure finance in Australian local government. Eubanks, W.W., 2010.Status of the Basel III Capital Adequacy Accord. DIANE Publishing. Griffith-Jones, S. and Rodriguez, E. eds., 2016.Cross-conditionality banking regulation and Third-World debt. Springer. Jeucken, M., 2010.Sustainable finance and banking: the financial sector and the future of the planet. Routledge. Joshi, M., Cahill, D. and Sidhu, J., 2010. Intellectual capital performance in the banking sector: An assessment of Australian owned banks.Journal of Human Resource Costing Accounting,14(2), pp.151-170. Singleton, J. and Verhoef, G., 2010. Regulation, deregulation, and internationalisation in South African and New Zealand banking.Business history,52(4), pp.536-563. Uddin, S.S. and Suzuki, Y., 2011. Financial reform, ownership and performance in banking industry: The case of Bangladesh.International Journal of Business and Management,6(7), p.28.

Ladies and gentlemen of the court Essay Example For Students

Ladies and gentlemen of the court Essay Ladies and gentlemen of the court, I have been charged with investigating, and bringing to the attention of the court the entire background and character of T.J. Avery from an impartial point of view. These are my findings.  T.J. Avery comes from a sharecropping family which live and work on Mr. Gangers land; they are poor and lack financial independence. T.J.s father is a weak old man and in consequence lacks the physical strength to punish him, for anything he does wrong. T.J. has almost no principles, so he has no problem with getting others in trouble when he was the one who was the cause of it. One incident was when T.J. had gone up to the Wallace store, and his younger brother Claude had followed, when he was seen up there by Misses Logan she told his mother that he was there, but when T.J.s mother questioned him about it she just said that he had gone up there to get Claude, who he said was sneaking up there to get free candy, Claude was beaten, he didnt tell his mother that it wasnt him. He shows these attributes again at the end of the school term, during exam time, T.J. had written some cheat notes, and when the teacher who happened to be Misses Logan, he gave them to Stacey Logan who is his friend, but before Stacey could hand them back, his mother saw that and interrogated him about it and then proceeded to punish him in front of the entire class. Prior to this T.J. had been caught rummaging threw Misses Logans books at her desk looking for the test, after sneaking into her room, while visiting the Logan household as a friend of the Logan children. T.J. is befriended by R.W. and Melvin Simms, who buy him alcohol at The Wallace Store. T.J. is proud of this friend ship with the two white boys, but T.J. is disgusted that Grand Mother Logan wanted to see Mr Wade W. Jamison, who is an attorney at Law. This is while he was visiting the town of Strawberry with Grand Mother Logan and the Logan children. Also while in strawberry Stacey Logan is foolishly persuaded by T.J. to go into the white mans store, which is other wise know as The Barnett Mercantile, while in the mercantile T.J. is mesmerised by the peal-handled pistol. Later that month Stacey Logan is given I new coat form his Uncle, Hammer Logan, T.J. mocks him and his coat, saying that he looked like a fat preacher because the coat was a bit big on him at the time, later T.J. cons Stacy into lending him the coat until Stacey grows into it, when Stacey realizes his foolishness and asks for the coat to be returned, Hammer Logan tell T.J. to keep the coat, T.J. does not even try to give it back, he just simply takes it, he has a very small conscience if any. At the end of the last school year, T.J. was caught cheating in his exam and consequently fails, he knows that if Misses Logan had not caught him he would of past, but he is full of resentment and anger so he engineers the dismissal of Mary Logan, he then takes his revenge on her. He mentions that Misses Logan is not sticking to the curriculum, this is followed by a visit to her class by a school board official, Kaleb Wallace and Mr. Ganger, who is the head of the school board, Misses Logan is then immediately dismissed. When the Logan children discover that T.J. is behind her dismissal he is completely rejected by all of the other children. .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf , .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf .postImageUrl , .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf , .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf:hover , .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf:visited , .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf:active { border:0!important; } .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf:active , .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf9f231dd1d97eb77782dec7f54dcbacf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Explore the ways in which Shakespeare shows that "Romeo and Juliet" live in a patriarchal society? EssayT.J. after all his pretence about hating whites has used them to satisfy his own selfish motives.  T.J. came to the revival festival with the Simmss, he is dressed in a fine suit which he say the Simmss bought him, and tries to show off, but is doesnt work, and the gathering ignore him. The Simmss call T.J. too their car but he hesitates for a moment as if unsure if to go or not to go, he decides to go with them and nothing more is known. About what happened to him after he left the revival meeting.  I hope that this will assist the judge and jury in making this diff icult decision.Ladies and gentlemen of the court

Proposing Solution Essay Topics

Proposing Solution Essay TopicsProposing a solution essay topics can be the solution to your struggling grade. However, the problem with these types of essays is that the focus often lies on a solution rather than the solution itself.An example of this would be an essay about a recent event, a natural disaster, or the advent of a new technology. The focus of this type of essay may be on the effect the disaster had on the local community, or if the school in question didn't do enough to prepare for this new technological advancement. In some cases, the focus may even be on the government who hasn't prepared for this new development.There are many ways to propose a solution to the problem at hand. The simplest way is to simply write an essay that answers the question at hand with a short response. This can be a short paragraph that gives the solution, or it can be a long paragraph that expounds on the solution itself.Another way to approach proposing solution essay topics is to utilize the power of your topic. How do you think the problem should be approached? What would you change to make the situation better?These are questions that everyone is looking for an answer to, and sometimes it helps to get that answer by understanding how things are currently working. Now is not the time to be complacent. The subject of your solution essay should be the crux of the problem.Now is the time to show that you understand the current situation. You don't have to make your solutions too complicated, but don't go overboard either. All you need to do is provide the solution with an explanation of how the current situation works.If you feel that you can't write an essay about how to solve a problem, ask yourself, what would I do in this situation? What are my options? If you're able to answer these questions, then you've found a way to come up with your solution.Proposing solution essay topics can be a little difficult, but they can also be a little rewarding. Sometimes, just b y putting yourself in the shoes of the reader, you will be able to come up with a concrete solution that provides the best answers.

Persuasive Essay on Eating Healthy free essay sample

In order for a person to be healthy and stay healthy, they have to exercise daily, eat the right kinds of food, staying clean, and that person would feel good about themselves in the inside and outside. In the inside, they will feel good about themselves. That person won’t be worrying about their weight or how their appearance may look like because they feel beautiful in the inside just by staying healthy. In the outside, the person will feel good and strong. They will have a positive self-esteem about themselves. They can be able to do or achieve anything that comes into the person’s way without having negative thoughts. If a person were to eat a lot of junk food, drink a lot of soft drinks, and do things that could destroy their health, they are destroying their body. If they don’t eat the right kinds of food, exercise daily, and stay clean, they could kill themselves faster and they could easily catch a sickness and die from it, because they don’t have enough strength to fight the sickness. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Essay on Eating Healthy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In their mind, they will have negative thoughts and not positive thoughts. They will put themselves down and also everyone around them, including their loved ones. They won’t have the strength to do anything, except just sleep, eat, and talk. In other words, they will become very lazy, because they won’t have enough energy to do anything. So, in order to stay healthy, we have to eat the right kinds of food, exercise daily, and stay clean so that we can feel good about ourselves inside and outside. If we don’t eat healthy and stay healthy, we might become lazy or catch a sickness really fast and die. So, I leave you with this quote â€Å" Healthy Me, I Feel Good†.

Adults living with Crohns Disease essays

Adults living with Crohn's Disease essays Crohn's disease is a chronic, nonspecific, idiopathic gastrointestinal inflammatory disease first reported by Dr. Burrill Bernard Crohn in 1932 (Chen, 2000). Crohn's disease can attack any part of the digestive system from the mouth to the anus (Figure I), but most commonly affects the lower portion of the small intestine or the colon. Crohn's disease is a lifelong condition that may move in and out of remission. It presents with multiple complications, both from the disease process itself and from the drugs taken to induce remission. In persons with Crohn's disease, the gastrointestinal tract becomes inflamed and weak, making digestion difficult, leading to a variety of conditions often resulting in general physical debility (Life Extension, 2003). Crohn's disease affects men and women equally and seems to run in some families. About 20 percent of people with Crohn's disease have a blood relative with some form of Intestinal Bowel Disease (IBD) (NDDIC, 2003). Crohn's disease usually begins before age 35, with peak incidence between 14-24 (Chen, 2000). Although patients can treat the symptoms of Crohns Disease, at the present there is no cure, nor definitive cause. The most popular theory is that Crohns is an autoimmune response to a virus or bacterium causing inflammation (NDDIC, 2003). Inflammation occurs when the body's own immune system attacks a part of the intestine, further resulting in thinning of the bowel wall, leading to scarring, thickness, abnormal bowel function, and malabsorption of nutrients. Therefore, suppression of the inflammation is key to decreasing the injurious effects that the immune system inflicts on the Crohn's patient (Life Extension, 2003). The most common symptoms of Crohn's disease usually begin with ulcerations of the mouth, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, rectal bleeding, anorexia and weight loss. As inflammation continues, patients may develop a palpable right lower quad...

Physical activity and health and physical fitness and exercise Assignment

Physical activity and health and physical fitness and exercise - Assignment Example Research also shows, through obesity experts, that the modern phase of obesity epidemic is much associated with the reduced human activity brought about by the industrial development (Garry, Neeltje, & Klaas, 2001). To qualify the relevance of this theory, a research that was done in an Old Order Amish Community in North America proved that these people have a very high level of activity lifestyle, which was used to explain why they have low prevalence of obesity. This group of people does not drive automobiles, use electrical appliances, and they do not also employ other modern conveniences (David, Patrick, & Getrude, 2004). Regular exercise is a very important component of effective health promotion regimens, the only problem being the correct amount of exercise required daily as well as the correct daily caloric expenditure. There is an imbalance in lifestyle due to the technologically oriented conditions which allow unprecedentedly sedentary lifestyle (Boyd & Stanley, 2003). Ther efore, physical activity is very critical for a healthy living and through physical fitness and exercise, we can do away with lots and lots of unnecessary

Management (wider environment) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Management (wider environment) - Essay Example e therefore being pressurised to consider the welfare of the communities within the environs of their operations particularly among the economically and physically challenged communities as part of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. Among the developing countries, TNCs are looked upon as the critical stimulus for growth with far more essential impact than local governments often mired in corruption and mismanagement. The Britannica Concise Encyclopaedia defines globalisation as ‘the process by which the experience of everyday life, marked by the diffusion of commodities and ideas, is becoming standardized around the world (Britannica.com, 2009). The Bankingdictionary.com describes it in financial terms as the ‘interdependence of buyers and sellers of financial instruments in financial centres around the world.’ The Small Business Encyclopedia however gives it a broader meaning, describing it as ‘the process by which the economies of countries around the world become increasingly integrated over time. This integration occurs as technological advances expedite the trade of goods and services, the flow of capital, and the migration of people across international borders.’ (Bhagwati, 2004) According to a World Bank definition, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), ‘is the commitment of businesses to behave ethically and to contribute to sustainable economic development by working with all relevant stakeholders to improve their lives in ways that are good for business, the sustainable development agenda, and society at large’ (World Bank, 2001). Marks & Spencer (M&S) is a UK based retailer with 895 stores in over forty countries though only a third overseas. Its main product lines include garments, foodstuff, household goods, hospitality, furniture, apparatus, beauty, banking and energy products (Marks & Spencer, 2009). Although it has in recent years virtually stabilized, it had turbulent times in the 1970s to late 1990s when it

Development of Project Management Plan

Development of Project Management Plan LITERATURE REVIEW Having seen in the previous chapter about the Project management is a carefully planned and organized effort to accomplish a specific (and usually) one-time effort, for example, implementing a new computer system. Project management includes developing a project plan, which includes defining project goals and objectives, specifying tasks or how goals will be achieved, what resources are need, and associating budgets and timelines for completion. It also includes implementing the project plan, along with careful controls to stay on the critical path, that is, to ensure the plan is being managed according to plan. Project management usually follows major phases (with various titles for these phases), including feasibility study, project planning, implementation, evaluation and support/maintenance. Comninos and Frigenti (2002 p.72) defines Project management as â€Å" The application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements. Further Haynes (1995 pp. 623) defines project management as â€Å" Project management concentrates on the project . A project is an undertaking that has a beginning and an end and is carried out to meet established goals within cost , schedule and quality objectives . Project management brings together and optimizes the resources necessary to complete the project successfully . These resources include the skills , talents and co-operative effort of a team of people , facilities , tools and equipment ; information systems and techniques and moneyâ€Å" Duncan (1995 pp. 742) has a similar view â€Å"Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to a broad range of activities in order to meet the requirements â€Å" Harrison ((1988 pp.62) states these definition as â€Å"The application of modern management techniques and systems to the execution of a project from start to finish, to achieve predetermined objectives of scope, quality, time and cost, to the equal satisfaction of those involved† Cleland and Gareis (1993 pp.58) states that â€Å"Project management is the ability to define, schedule and assign project activities; record project issues; monitor progress and report changes in activity accomplishment and issue resolution; and maintain and control changes to designs, plans and issue lists† Similarly Morris (1997 pp. 221) defines as â€Å"Planning, monitoring and control of all aspects of a project and the motivation of all those involved in it to achieve the project objectives on time and to the specified cost, quality and performance† Ciborra (2002 pp. 525) defines Information System (IS) as â€Å"†¦the system of persons, data records and activities that process the data and information in a given organization, including manual processes or automated processes. Usually the term is used erroneously as a synonym for computer-based information systems, which is only the Information technologies component of an Information System. The computer-based information systems are the field of study for Information technologies (IT)† Project management is concerned with managing the entity called ‘People. There is no single universal definition of a software project , although some definitions do have similar structure. â€Å" Projects consume a variety of resources , Projects have a specific start and end point (or life cycle), Projects have a owner (i.e. consumer ), Projects have a specific budget , Project have a clear method , Projects have finite objectives. â€Å"A unique undertaking with a concise life cycle , start and end dates , a finite budget , resource allocation and defined outcome or objective † (Gary 2001 p.25) 2.1 Preview of software industry in India The software industry is one of the fastest growing industries and highest earners of foreign exchange in the Indian economy. With help from the Indian Government including tax benefits and the development of infrastructure links, the software sector has grown over 56% annually since 1995. Software exports currently reach about 95 countries and account for 10.5% of Indias total exports.There is, therefore, significant interaction on the global level between IT companies and other countries and companies, which might account for the lead Infosys has taken amongst its peers in the field of CSR (Narayana Murthy CEO Infosys , 2006 15/02/07) The India Software Industry has brought about a tremendous success for the emerging economy. The software industry is the main component of the Information technology in India. Indias pool of young aged manpower is the key behind this success story. Presently there are more than 500 software firms in the country which shows the monumental advancement that the India Software Industry has experienced (IIT,2002 p.4) 2.2 Infosys and its relation to software project management Founded in 1981 in Bangalore by Narayana Murthy and six colleagues, Infosys is positioned to integrate the needs of vendors and service providers, using existing solutions or relying on new product development. The company does the necessary integration, software development, feature enhancements testing, release and third level support. It provides solutions to the financial sector the biggest chunk of its business- as well as to 460 other clients across a broad spectrum of other industries. (www.infosys.com 14/02/08) In terms of project management, software project work is split into two components: onsite and offshore, according to where it can be best done, at the lowest cost, and with the lowest level of acceptable risk, thereby de-coupling capability development and delivery. Although Infosys was not spared by the dotcom crash in 2001, thanks in part to the loyalty built up among employees the business bounced back, and by 2006 its market capitalization was US$18 billion. For Murthy, leading by example is what counts. This translates into three core values: respect for the individual, data-based decision making, and embracing constant change by forcing people to share their innovations. Infosys has established a systematic pattern of succession planning whereby board members remain in the vanguard but are underpinned by a three-tier leadership structure for high-potential managers. Younger employees are viewed as the eyes and the ears of the company, bringing to the forefront contemporary issues that might otherwise be overlooked (Manfred , Vries, Agrawal and Florent-Treacy 2006 p.121) Since incorporation, Infosys annual revenue has rapidly increased and it reached 1 trillion in 2006. Unlike many other Indian IT companies Infosys has concentrated on building software applications and this has contributed to its global success Infosys Technologies employs nearly 17,000 people worldwide, almost 10,000 of whom are software professionals. 116 new clients in the financial year (FY) 2002 added to the already prestigious list that includes Airbus, Cisco, Nordstrom and Boeing. Retail banking services account for around 4% of total revenue. The company vision is to be the best globally, commercially and ethically. As such, Infosys has developed a C-Life principle of core values that it aims to honour in all aspects of its business conduct . C LIFE represents Customer delight , Lead by example , Integrity and transparency , Fairness and Excellence (www.infy.com 15/06/07) 2.3 Project Management Processes (Infosys based approach) Turner J and Rodney (2005 p..43) states that ‘ A project management process is the management process of planning and controlling the performance or execution of a project ‘ Although all projects are different and have unique features m there are elements which are common to most . A process model needs a set of features which Are adaptable to a wide range of applications Provide a complete and adequate definition of any project to which they are applied Are easy to assimilate , with the key tasks and points of interest highlighted Are suitable to act as a memorandum and checklist to ensure that everything is covered Do not impose any unnecessary constraints on the use of tools , techniques and methods during the projects A process model can be helpful to a project manager in planning the project but obviously cannot be followed blindly and must be tailored to meet the requirements of the project . Not all the elements of the process model will be appropriate , but the model can be used as a checklist to ensure that nothing important is missed from the project . The process model is also used to help define what is required of the project manager at each stage in the project and to define the inputs and outputs of each stage . (Van Vliet , 2004 p.52) Infosys executes hundreds of projects each year. Full responsibility for executing a project rests with the project manager, who must make sure that the project team delivers high-quality software to the customer on time and within cost. To help the project manager fulfill this responsibility, support from the organization is necessary. (Mahajan and Ives , 2006 p.231) This section provides a brief background Infosys support for managing software projects. For a project team to successfully execute a project, it must perform hundreds of tasks, many of them interdependent. Effectively managing this process is extremely important for success. (Harvey 2003 p.52)At Infosys, the set of activities executed by a project manager is specified in the project management process. It is fairly standard, having three main stages: Software project planning Software project execution Software project closure 2.3.1 Software Project Planning The key to a successful software project is in the planning. Creating a project plan is the first thing one should do when undertaking any kind of project. Often project planning is ignored in favor of getting on with the work. However, many people fail to realize the value of a project plan in saving time, money and many problems. A project is successful when the needs of the stakeholders have been met. A stakeholder is anybody directly or indirectly impacted by the project. (Lackman 1987 p.57) As a first step it is important to identify the stakeholders of software project. It is not always easy to identify the stakeholders of a project, particularly those impacted indirectly. (Lewis J 1995) Examples of stakeholders are: The project sponsor The customer who receives the deliverables The users of the project outputs The project manager and project team Once understanding who the stakeholders are, the next step is to establish their needs. The best way to do this is by conducting stakeholder interviews. Considerable time can be utilized during the interviews to draw out the true needs that create real benefits. Often stakeholders will talk about needs that arent relevant and dont deliver benefits. These can be recorded and set as a low priority. ( Berlick 1992 p.72) The next step once after all the interviews done and have a comprehensive list of needs it is now to prioritize them. From the prioritized list its important to create a set of goals that can be easily measured. A technique for doing this is to review them against the SMART (specific, measurable, agreed upon, realistic and time-based ) principle. This way it will be easy to know when a goal has been achieved. Once having established a clear set of goals they should be recorded in the project plan. It can be useful to also include the needs and expectations of the end users- stakeholders. (Thomsett 1989 p.51) At Infosys , in the project planning stage, as revealed by Marsh (1998 p.17) , the project manager reviews contractual commitments and creates a plan to meet them. Creating a project plan involves defining a life-cycle process to be followed, estimating the effort and schedule, preparing a detailed schedule of tasks, and so on. It also includes planning for quality and configuration management as well as risk management. In this phase, the major activities of the project manager are as follows: According to McManus (1997 p.69) , the project manager performs startup and administrative tasks and creates the project plan and schedule. He is also responsible for defining the objectives of the project . The suitable standard process for the project execution is identified . Also the standard process to meet project requirements are tailer . Also a process for managing changes in requirements is designed . The estimation of effort involved is undertaken . Also the plan for human resources and team organization is determined . The project milestones are defined and schedules created accordingly. Also the quality of objectives and a quality plan to achieve them are determined . A defect prevention plan in designed. The risks are identified and plans are made to mitigate them. A measurement plan for the project is defined .A training plan for the project is designed . The project-tracking procedures are analyzed for effective execution . Also a review of the project plan and schedul e are performed . Authorization from senior management is obtained . The configuration management plan and defined and reviewed . Also orientation of the project team to the project management plan is executed In addition to the project manager, this phase involves the customer, an SEPG representative, and the business manager for the project. The entry criterion is that the contract or project authorization is available. The exit criterion is that the project plan has been documented and group reviewed (Morgon 1986 p.19) 2.3.2 Software Project Execution According to ,Harvey ( 2003 p.167) ,the purpose of Project Execution and Control is to develop the product or service that the project was commissioned to deliver. Typically, this is the longest phase of the project management lifecycle, where most resources are applied. Project Execution and Control utilizes all the plans, schedules, procedures and templates that were prepared and anticipated during prior phases. Unanticipated events and situations will inevitably be encountered, and the Project Manager and Project Team will be taxed to capacity to deal with them while minimizing impact on the projects CSSQ. Project Execution and Control Kick-off is where the project manager conducts a meeting to formally begin the project execution and control phase, orient new project team members, and review the documentation and current status of the project. The purpose of Project Execution and Control Kickoff is to formally acknowledge the beginning of project execution and control and facilitate the transition from project planning. Similar to project planning kick-off, project execution and control kickoff ensures that the project is still on track and focused on the original business need. Many new team members will be introduced to the project at this point, and must be thoroughly oriented and prepared to begin work. Most importantly, current project status is reviewed and all prior deliverables are re-examined, giving all new team members a common reference point. (Rodney 1999 p.123) Manage CSSQ is where the project manager must manage changes to the project scope and project schedule, implement quality assurance and quality control processes according to the quality standards, and control and manage costs as established in the project budget. (SEI 1996 p.4)The purpose of Manage CSSQ is to manage changes to project scope , control the project schedule and manage schedule changes , implement quality assurance and quality control , processes according to the quality standards revised during project planning control and manage costs established in the project Monitor and Control Risks, where the project manager and project team utilize the risk management plan prepared in previous phases, and develop and apply new response and resolution strategies to unexpected eventualities.Risks are potential future events that can adversely affect a projects Cost, Schedule, Scope or Quality (CSSQ). In prior phases, the project manager defined these events as accurately as possible, determined when they would impact the project, and developed a risk management plan. As the impact dates draw closer, it is important to continue re-evaluating probability, impact, and timing of risks, as well as to identify additional risk factors and events. When the risk event actually occurs, the risk (which is by definition a future, potential event) becomes an issue (which is by definition a current, definite condition) and issue monitoring and control takes over. The purpose of monitor and control risks is to deploy the risk management plans prepared in prior phases to anticipate project challenges, and to develop and apply new response and resolution strategies to unexpected eventualities. (Humphrey 1989 p.92) Manage Project Execution, where the Project Manager must manage every aspect of the Project Plan to ensure that all the work of the project is being performed correctly and on time.Project Execution is typically the part of the lifecycle of a project when the majority of the actual work to produce the product is performed and the majority of the project budget is expended. The purpose of manage project execution is to manage every aspect of the project plan as work is being done to make certain the project is a success. This process is performed concurrently with the manage CSSQ and monitor and control risks processes. The tasks in this process are performed concurrently and repeatedly as various aspects of the product of the project are constructed, tested, and accepted. (Dion 1994 p.172) Gain Project Acceptance, where the Project Manager, customer decision-makers and project sponsor acknowledge that all deliverables produced during project execution and control have been completed, tested, accepted and approved, and that the product or service of the project has been successfully transitioned to the performing organization.The purpose of Gain Project Acceptance is to formally acknowledge that all deliverables produced during project execution and control have been completed, tested, accepted, and approved by the projects Customers and the Project Sponsor, and that the product or service the project developed was successfully transitioned from the Project Team to the Performing Organization. Formal acceptance and approval also signify that the project is essentially over, and is ready for Project Closeout. (Duran 1988 p.49) At Infosys , the second phase, as in the words of Finney ( 1999 p.193) , project execution, involves executing the project plan, tracking the status of the project, and making corrections whenever project performance strays from the path laid down in the project plan. In other words, it involves tracking and controlling the implementation of the project process. This phase is the longest in the project management process, incorporating periodic tasks such as monitoring project status and quality and taking any needed corrective steps. In this phase, as said by ( Harvey 2003 p.62) , the project manager executes the project as per the project plan. , tracks the project status., reviews the project status with senior management. , monitor compliance with the defined project process. , analyze defects and perform defect prevention activities, monitor performance at the program level and conduct milestone reviews and replan if necessary. Other members of the team also participate in this stage. The entry criterion is that the project plan is complete and approved, and the exit criterion is that all work products delivered are accepted by the customer 2.3.3 Software Project Closure The Project closure report is produced at the end of the Project, and provides the Project Board with a review of the overall Project and an assessment of how successfully the Project has met its objectives. This report will be presented at the final Project Board meeting, and must be signed off by the Project Board as part of the process of formally closing the Project. (Watts 1987 p.122) As said by Sanders and Curran (1994 p.623) , a carefully structured project closure phase should ensure that the project is brought to a controlled end. The project manager should prepare the end project report, which details the main findings and outcome of the project and represents a formal review of the projects degree of success. The project manager should organize the project closure meeting and draw up a list of who should attend. This meeting is concerned with reviewing the project and ensuring the completeness of all of the major project deliverables. It is the final formal control point apart from the post implementation review; and should be attended by the project owner and the overall project manager. The basic question facing the attendees is: Did the project deliver its intended end-product within the time and budgetary limits set? According to Thomsett (1989 p.62) , The last stage of the project management process, project closure, involves a systematic wind-up of the project after customer acceptance. The main goal here is to learn from the experience so that the process can be improved. Post-project data analysis constitutes the main activity; metrics are analyzed, process assets (materials, such as templates and guidelines, used to aid in managing the process itself) are collected for future use, and lessons are recorded. Because learning from the project is the main goal, this is a group activity that involves the project manager, the SEPG, and other members of the team. The entry criterion is that the customer has accepted the work products. The exit criterion is that a post project meeting has been conducted. The main outputs of this phase are the project closure report and the collected process assets. 2.4 Capability Maturity Model CMM is a development methodology thats designed to help projects make use of reusable processes . There are some pain involved in making the switch , but the benefits to development staff and the organization make it worthwhile The CMM describes a continuum of characteristics based on how well your company or organization follows common and repeatable processes to get your work done. CMMs have been developed for software acquisition, people, and software (Paulk 1993 p.342) Although the SEI continues to enhance and expand the scope and breadth of various CMM models, the primary focus for most companies continues to be software development. Perhaps the biggest reason for looking at software development is that the process uses a fair amount of creativity, which can lead to unpredictable results. However, much (but not all) of the software development process can be standardized using a common set of processes. Common processes can be set up for the project management side Moving up the CMM levels allows an organization to standardize its software development processes in areas that can be successfully repeated from project to project Organizations that use the CMM for software development describe their level of standardization against CMM benchmarks using a scale of 1 to 5. The low end of the scale describes companies that arent using repeatable processes; much of their work is chaotic and ad hoc. The high end describes companies that use defined and re peatable processes, collect metrics to help them continuously improve their processes, and look for creative ways to do things better on an ongoing basis.(Watts 1987 p.79) Many companies are seeing that they can drive business value by implementing good, reusable processes throughout their organizations. The CMM provides a framework that companies can use to measure themselves on a standard 1 to 5 scale. Most companies today are at level 1 and would love to get as high as level 2. Most managers and organizations realise that they should have common and repeatable processes. However, pain will definitely be involved (Gilb 1998 p.122) Infosys has been assessed at level 5 (the highest level) of the Capability Maturity Model (CMM). By extracting project management processes from the set of processes at Infosys, this book also illustrates how projects are managed in a high-maturity organization. Through this illustration, I hope to bring the benefits of the CMM to project managers who have not studied it because of lack of time, because they regard it as being for process folks or because they have found it difficult to relate the CMM to project management practices. (www.infosys.com 02.07.07) 2.5 KPAs and its importance in Project Management Each KPA specifies goals that the processes of the organization must meet to satisfy that KPA. In addition, each KPA specifies a group of activities, called key practices, that collectively satisfy the goals of that KPA. In many senses, the goals for each KPA capture its essence. They specify the objectives that the CMM has set for the processes relating to the KPA. To illustrate the KPAs associated with project management, we briefly discuss here the goals of these KPAs. These goals are taken from the CMM,with some minor changes in the wording of some goals. ( Cooper and Woolgar , 1994 p.589) 2.5.1 Goals of KPAs at Level 2 2.5.1.1 Requirement Management RM Requirements management is all about balance, communication, and adjustment along the way. To prevent one class of requirements from over-riding another, constant communication among members of the development team is critical. For example, in software development for internal applications, the business has such strong needs that it may ignore user requirements, or believe that in creating use cases, the user requirements are being taken care of. (Bevan 1992 p.165) 2.5.1.2 Software Project Planning SPP The purpose of Software Project Planning is to establish reasonable plans for performing the software engineering and for managing the software project. Software Project Planning involves developing estimates for the work to be performed, establishing the necessary commitments, and defining the plan to perform the work (Barker 1992 p.522) 2.5.1.3 Software Project Tracking and Oversight SPTO The purpose of Software Project Tracking and Oversight is to provide adequate visibility into actual progress so that management can take effective actions when the software projects performance deviates significantly from the software plans. Software Project Tracking and Oversight involves tracking and reviewing the software accomplishments and results against documented estimates, commitments, and plans, and adjusting these plans based on the actual accomplishments and results (Budlong and Peterson 1996 p.523) 2.5.1.4 Software Subcontract Management SSM The purpose of Software Subcontract Management is to select qualified software subcontractors and manage them effectively. Software Subcontract Management involves selecting a software subcontractor, establishing commitments with the subcontractor, and tracking and reviewing the subcontractors performance and results. These practices cover the management of a software (only) subcontract, as well as the management of the software component of a subcontract that includes software, hardware, and possibly other system components (ISO 9000-3 p.5) 2.5.1.5 Software Quality Assurance SQA Software Quality Assurance (SQA) is defined as a planned and systematic approach to the evaluation of the quality of and adherence to software product standards, processes, and procedures. SQA includes the process of assuring that standards and procedures are established and are followed throughout the software acquisition life cycle. Compliance with agreed-upon standards and procedures is evaluated through process monitoring, product evaluation, and audits. Software development and control processes should include quality assurance approval points, where an SQA evaluation of the product may be done in relation to the applicable standards. (Kontonya and Sommerville , 1998 p.212) 2.5.1.6 Software Configuration Management SCM In software engineering, software configuration management (SCM) is the task of tracking and controlling changes in the software. Configuration management practices include revision control and the establishment of baselines (Keller et al 1990 p.521 ) 2.5.2 Goals of KPAs at Level 3 2.5.2.1 Integrated Software Management ISM The purpose of Integrated Software Management is to integrate the software engineering and management activities into a coherent, defined software process that is tailored from the organizations standard software process and related process assets, which are described in Organization Process Definition. Integrated Software Management involves developing the projects defined software process and managing the software project using this defined software process. The projects defined software process is tailored from the organizations standard software process to address the specific characteristics of the project (Saiedian Hossein and Kuzara 1995 p.321) 2.5.2.2 Intergroup Coordination IC Intergroup Coordination involves the software engineering groups participation with other project engineering groups to address system-level requirements, objectives, and issues. Representatives of the projects engineering groups participate in establishing the system-level requirements, objectives, and plans by working with the customer and end users, as appropriate. These requirements, objectives, and plans become the basis for all engineering activities (TickIT Guide p.21) 2.5.2.3 Peer Reviews PR In software development, peer review refers to a type of software review in which a work product (normally some form of document) is examined by its author and one or more colleagues, in order to evaluate its technical content and quality When performed as part of each Software development process activity, peer reviews identify problems and fix them early in the lifecycle. That is to say, a peer review that identifies a requirements problem during the Requirements analysis activity is cheaper and easier to fix than during the Software architecture or Software testing activities ( Gentleman 1996 p.92) 2.5.3 Goals for KPAs at Level 4 2.5.3.1 Quantitative Process Management QPM Quantitative Process Management involves establishing goals for the performance of the projects defined software process, which is described in the Integrated Software Management key process area, taking measurements of the process performance, analyzing these measurements, and making adjustments to maintain process performance within acceptable limits. When the process performance is stabilized within acceptable limits, the projects defined software process, the associated measurements, and the acceptable limits for the measurements are established as a baseline and used to control process performance quantitatively (Daly-jones and Thomas 1997 p.142) 2.5.3.2 Software Quality Management SQM Its here were the projects software quality management activities are planned . Measurable goals for software product quality and their priorities are defined . Actual progress toward achieving the quality goals for the software products is quantified and managed (Broad