Competitive Advantages And International Trade - 1636 Words

Mirza Beg 5/11/15 Professor Shahrouri Econ 335 Competitive Advantages and International Trade Globalization has made it far easier for people to get their hands on the luxury items they desire so much, but we hardly contemplate the origins of many of the luxuries we take for granted in the U.S. With a debt fast approaching the new imaginary ceiling of 16.394 Trillion dollars, the U.S. owes a lot of money. Much of this is to do with waging illegal wars in the Middle East and spending money creating an empire, but there are other factors that contribute to this as well. The fact is we love to shop as a society, even when we cannot afford the items we are searching for. The relative ease of buying products with credit has created a culture of consumerism that is unprecedented in modern history. Due to the outsourcing taking place by U.S. corporations, most of the products are being made overseas and this has creates a trade deficit. Our government allows American companies to turn their backs on our own workers in order to milk out a little extra profit by importing goods. At one point Detroit was the number one manufacturing city in the entire world, now it is a bankrupt city suffering from the flawed policies that allowed for its demise. Being the fairly wealthy population that we are, there is a high demand for the same luxury goods regardless of where they are made. Specialization of many kinds has emerged in order fill the demands for products from around the world,Show MoreRelatedInternational Trade : A Competitive Advantage1261 Words   |  6 Pages C lassical theories of international trade suggest that comparative advantage exist in the factor endowments that a country may be fortunate enough to inherit. Factor endowments include land, natural resources, labor, and the size of the local population. Michael E. Porter claimed that a nation can create new advanced factor endowments such as skilled labor, a strong technology and knowledge base, government support, and culture. Porter used a diamond shaped diagram as the basis of a framework toRead MoreInternational Trade : Comparative And Competitive Advantage1512 Words   |  7 Pages International trade theories are simply theories that explain how imports and exports work between different countries. Hence the name international trade. In this paper I will be reviewing different theories of international trade, explain the difference between comparative and competitive advantages, and answering three important questions. What the underlying economic rationale for international business activity is, why trade takes place, and the gains from trade and investment. I will firstRead MoreAdvantages Of International Trade For Developing Nations1313 Words   |  6 PagesAdvantages of international trade for developing nations Although the concept of free trade and globalisation may subtly imply a polarity between the developed and developing worlds, it can be argued that, in order to function successfully, the pressure to create a competitive and comparative advantage hold all nations on a level-playing field. Sinclair Davidson (2015) cited David Ricardo (1821) in his argument that foreign trade is, indeed, beneficial to a country, for a number of reasons. By reducingRead MorePorters Theory of National Competitive Advantage1717 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Porters theory of national competitive advantage expands on basic international trade theory, which posits that nations can leverage certain advantages that they inherit to create advantage for themselves on international markets. What Porter contends is that there are advanced factor endowments that nations can cultivate in order to give them competitive advantages in international trade. These advanced factor endowments are firm strategy, struct ure and rivalry; factor conditions;Read MoreInternational Trade And The Global Marketplace1428 Words   |  6 Pagescountries are engaged to international trade in order to achieve economic growth, free trade agreement and financial liberalization has contributed to the opening up of world economies and resulted in more international trade. Countries use their comparative advantages to gain a positon in the global marketplace and achieve economic growth (Seyoum 2007). International trade is a critical resource of revenue earning for developing countries. However, the benefits realized from free trade are mostly enjoyedRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On International Business828 Words   |  4 Pagesprocess of international business. Many of the items we are using at this very moment are imports, products produced in another country. Many businesses today rely on exports, products produced in their home country and shipped to other nations. Every country relies on imports and expo rts. Wether a firm is expanding to another nation or uses imported goods, international business is always involved and will affect the business model. Factors that will affect and alter the international marketplaceRead MoreIn Certain Cases Porters Diamond of Competitive Advantage May Not Be an Appropriate Framework for the Analysis of a Nations Sources of Competitive Advantage.1621 Words   |  7 PagesSince its publication in 1990, Michael Porters book The Competitive Advantage of Nations has attracted much consideration. The main analytical tool of the book is the diamond of competitive advantage (figure 1). This model is based on four country specific determinants and two external variables. Porters four determinants and two outside forces interact in a diamond of competitive advantage, with the nature of a countrys international competitiveness depending upon the type and quality of theseRead MoreFree Trade Improves The Quality Of Life For A Nation And Its Citizens1448 Words   |  6 PagesFree trade improves the quality of life for a nation and its citizens. It can import goods that they may not able to produced. Also, importing goods may be cheaper for a developing country than attempting to produce it. Child labor in developing countries has also be the main problem in the lacking of technology. Children are used as a cheap substitute for manufacturing equipment. International trade would allow countries across the border to invest equipment and pay higher wages to adult workersRead MoreWhy Do Business Internationalise?. International Trade1181 Words   |  5 PagesWhy do business internationalise? International trade can be traced back to ancient years. Our ancestors, with the purpose of increasing the variety of local products, had been trying their best for decades to trade cross border. With the development of international business, international trade theories was developed to explain the benefit nations can get from utilizing free trade pattern and participating in the multilateral trade via opening up strategy by eliminating import control, exportRead MoreQuestions On International Trade Theory1332 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber: 201109990 Module name: International business Module code: MKIB 225 Essay question: Why do businesses internationalize? Compare and contrast the various â€Å"standard† theories . Word count: 1051 Why does business internationalize? With the development of international business, countries with the purpose of increasing the variety of local products had been trying best for decades to trade with other nations. Furthermore, international trade theories were developed to explain

Life Is Full Of Varieties And Flavors - 4217 Words

Chapter 8 Life is full of varieties and flavors. I tasted some of its hues the very next year. A new door was opened in my life. I had earned my bachelor’s degree at Adelo and by now it was time for me to get to Nuevo Universidad de Venezuela, a foreign medical school in South America. That’s where I met Dr. Yaser, a researcher. He was specialized in experimental, developmental and social psychology. In medical circles, he used to be recognized as a stalwart in his field. When I came to know that I had this rare opportunity of assisting him, I was, to be honest, flabbergasted. In this particular stage of mine, having this opportunity meant a lot. I guess no-one else could have taught me technical things like this man could. I took leave from my family the next day and pushed off to my destination. Till then I had no idea about all the unpleasant surprises South America had to offer. Very soon I found myself merging with hectic schedules of the med school in Venezuela in a smooth pace. I might have owed it to the three Hindu roommates. Truly, if I hadn’t met them there and hadn’t acquired their unabridged support I could have succumbed to the all the pressure I was facing over there. Nuevo Universidad de Venezuela, Escuela de Medicina, my medical school, became the unexpected podium that gifted me with three close friends who eventually turned a new leaf in my existence. The historical background pertaining to Nuevo Universidad de Venezuela, Escuela de Medicina seemedShow MoreRelatedCoffee Is A Natural Habit For Any Italian Person885 Words   |  4 Pagescoffee every morning at home. So it was only a matter of time till I was curious to try it out. At first, I have to admit I found it disgusting. This was probably because, as my father said, of my young age. Children are more sensitive towards strong flavors, and at that time it’s bitterness really made me feel sick. For years after that experience I ignored coffee as an ailment, and I was used to eat cereal in the morning. However, this situation ended up when I was twelve years old. Some of my friendsRead MoreDrinking Coffee Is A Natural Habit For Any Italian Person887 Words   |  4 Pagescoffee every morning at home. So it was only a matter of time till I was curious to try it out. At first, I have to admit I found it disgusting. This was probably because, as my father said, of my young age. Children are more sensitive towards strong flavors, and at that time its bitterness really made me feel sick. For several years after that experience I ignored coffee as an ailment, and I would eat cereal in the morning. However, this situation ended when I was twelve years old. Some of my friendsRead MoreCoffee Is The Real Coffee900 Words   |  4 Pagescoffee every morning at home. So it was only a matter of time till I was curious to try it out. At first, I have to admit I found it disgusting. This was probably because, as my father said, of my young age. Children ar e more sensitive towards strong flavors, and at that time its bitterness really made me feel sick. For several years after that experience I ignored coffee as an ailment, and I would eat cereal in the morning. However, this situation ended when I was twelve years old. Some of my friendsRead MoreThe Benefits Of The Diet770 Words   |  4 Pagespreventing hunger, 18 shake comes in two flavors, vanilla, and chocolate, that provide for variety in taste. It works by suppressing your appetite with the help of fiber which also keeps you full longer so you don’t have to eat in between meals. It contains low sugar content as well as a blend of minerals and vitamins that are beneficial in increasing the body’s metabolism, a key recipe for weight loss. The best part is that each bag has a three-year shelf life and it comes with a 30-day money backRead MoreSpecial K. Product Life Cycle1657 Words   |  7 PagesSpecial K added special k bars to the product range in 1999, to target the lucrative female market. The company has gradually introduced a range of flavors and varieties such as Special K bars apple Pear, chocolate, and Red berry. The parent company for special K is Kellogg’s and it’s a worldwide company for producing cereals. In 2010 sales reached nearly $12 billion, Kellogg Company is the world’s leading producer of cereal and a leading producer of convenience foods, including cookies, cerealRead MoreWhether you have a chronic illness or are interested in eating well to prevent disease, the600 Words   |  3 Pagesthe New England Journ al of Medicine, showed a 30 percent reduction in heart attacks, strokes and deaths from heart disease among participants who switched to a Mediterranean diet. First and foremost, an anti-inflammatory diet should include a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. Onions, garlic, peppers and dark leafy greens like spinach, kale, broccoli, and collard greens are all known to have anti-inflammatory components, as do fresh berries. Also seek out tart cherries, which one study from OregonRead MoreCase Study : Wilson s Bakery Cafe894 Words   |  4 PagesWilson’s Bakery Cafà © Hello, fans! The greatest cafà © in Alaska has reopened for business. Wilson’s Bakery Cafà © is here to brighten your life with the best variety of pastries, sandwiches, flavor water, etc. The business is here to welcome every customer warmly and make sure each need of the customer is met to the best of our ability. For the grand opening, we will be hosting a contest to encourage customers to sample two of our new homemade products and would like to receive your feedback by completingRead MoreFrench Wine696 Words   |  3 Pageswine is made, and the  Appellation dOrigine Contrà ´là ©e  system. France is the source of many grape varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon , Chardonnay,   Pinot noir,  Sauvignon blanc,  Syrah. The style of French wine echoes that of the French themselves—elegant, well-dressed, showing an appreciation for the good things of life but never to excess. French wines go best with food, never overpowering either in flavor or in alcohol, always w ell-mannered, often beautiful. The fact that, today, the quality of even theRead MoreEssay on Speech Outile - Wine Testing698 Words   |  3 PagesThree Basic Steps in Wine Tasting I. Introduction: A. Attention Getter: â€Å"Wine makes daily living easier, less hurried, with fewer tensions and more tolerance. Benjamin Franklin I am a wine lover and I drink wine in all the important moments in my life B. Credibility Statement: Every time I went to a restaurant or a winery I wish I knew the correct form of tasting wine but the truth was that I ignored how to do it. I know it very helpful to enjoy wine better. C. Thesis: Wine tasting is a completeRead MoreCase Study Analysis: Cadbury1460 Words   |  6 Pages Case Analysis: Cadbury Beverages, Inc. Crush Brand  ® The carbonated soft drink production industry encompasses firms that blend various ingredients with carbonated water and also package and distribute for resale (IBIS World). With the full industry definition that Cadbury Beverages is a part of, we can effectively help the marketing team, most especially Kim Feil, Cadbury’s Senior Product Manager. In order for Kim and her marketing team to succeed, they must first characterize the carbonated

Student Registration System free essay sample

This chapter reviews the relevant research made on online student registration used by different universities. It includes important aspects in online registration like online registration system, online registration course and others. This chapter contains collective ideas and views of different authors. Online Student Registration System An online student registration system streamlines the application, registration, and monitoring of students in a school or training institute. Why Use Online Registration?According to Morris Wall (1990) : Online registration systems are websites that allow users to sign up for memberships, events and training by completing a form. Online registration systems are replacing manual processes, such as registering by telephone, mail or at events using paper forms. What Is an Online Course Registration System? According to Wells (2001): Many universities and educational institutions have a wide range of courses, students and faculty. Combine this with the need to conserve resources, and it makes sense to computerize the registration process. Registering for classes on line reduces paperwork, personnel, and costs. A Student Registration System According to Ralph E. Johnson (1996): Many of you register for courses online. The computer knows all the courses that are available each semester and also knows which ones you are taking. It makes sure that you cant register for too many courses, that you cant take the same course twice, that you have taken the prerequisites, and that a course is not oversubscribed. A registration system has many users. You have probably only seen the system from the point of view of a student. You want to know what courses you signed up for, and maybe how many more hours you need to take to have a full load. But you dont need to know who is signed up for a particular course. This is only needed by teachers. How to Hire an Online Registration Service According to an eHow Contributo (2001), every business holds events. Most events are of a serious business-related variety. However, some others are of more of a social setting. Both types of events have one thing in common though, registering. It is counterproductive to dedicate a great chunk of your day answering calls about the company event.Today, more companies are using online registration as a way for those to commit to attending events. What is an online course? According to K. Shrivastava ( 2009), an online course is a regularly scheduled course where the Internet is sometimes utilized for lectures, homework, labs, and tests. There are two formats of online courses, fully online (asynchronous) and partly online (hybrid) Course Registration System According to Emma Boroson (1990), this Course Registration System is a web-based program aimed to make easier and more convenient the class registration process, a hassle through which students go every semester.As it stands, here at Brown University, in order to officially register for classes, each student must fill out a course registration form manually, bring it to the Registrar’s Office at University Hall, stand in line (often for upwards of twenty to thirt y minutes), and finally have the form officially approved and stamped. In order to change anything about one’s current schedule, such as dropping or adding a class, changing grade option, or showing official permission from a professor, the student must go through the same tedious process. Disadvantages of online registration systemUsing online registration has many advantages for event planners and event participants. This is especially true when an online registration system can help deal with collecting event fees. There are several different payment options to consider when setting up your online registration system and each has advantages and disadvantages for different types of events. Advantages to Taking Your Event Registration Online According to Nick Davis ? 2010? , with an increasingly competitive events industry and all of the work that goes into hosting a marathon, many event rganizers are looking for innovative ways to streamline their workload and at the same time grow their events prestige and overall participant satisfaction. While the growing trend is to take all aspects of event management online with event registration software, many event organizers are still wary that that their participants will be scared away at the thought of submitting their data online. Here are some advantages to going with online registration that may put your mind at ease.. . 1. Quick and easy registration for the participant.Paper registration requires the entrant to download the form and print it or pick up a copy from the event office, fill it out, write a cheque, and then either pay postage to mail it back or get in their car to drop it off. 2. Automatic confirmation emails. The average turn-a-round time from the day a paper entry form is received to when the entrant gets a confirmation of registration can take days or even weeks. Events accepting paper registration forms may spend a good portion of their work day answering phone calls and emails from registrants curious to hear if their cheque and information has been received.Most online registration software will automatically send a follow-up email to the participant notifying them that their payment has been received and space reserved in the event. 3. Online data submission is secure. Having said this, there are always exceptions and I would strongly suggest that when you shop around for an online registration provider, you should inquire about their security standards and the safeguards they have put in place to guarantee that your participants data is held in a secure environment. 4. Real-time reports. One of the complaints that most event organizers have is that they never know how many people will be showing up to the event until the very last days of the registration period. 5. Using less paper is good for the environment. This may seem a bit trivial, but with the growing trend of people altering their daily lives to reduce their personal impact on the environment, more and more event organizers are also doing their part and in the process finding that Going Green and eliminating their paper entry forms is appealing to the athlete community.Advantages of online registration system Every time one of your customers registers online, you save time by not having to manually enter a registration and your customers enjoy the convenience of registering in their own time. Many clients have achieved extremely high online registration rates – some 90% or higher. We have compiled their knowledge to bring you our top ten tips to grow your online registration What is Online Enrolment? According to David Tufte? 2006, ? Enrolment is where you check, confirm and update your personal information held by the University. You will also need to accept the Universitys regulations. Youll also be able to review your programme and core module information. How do I know when I should use the online enrolment system? For new students youll receive an email with your user name and password when you accept your place at Durham, at this point you can use the system. For continuing students youll be sent an email shortly before the system is due to open. What is verification of identity? If you are a new student you are required to provide your College with proof of your identity when you arrive on campus.If you are not a member of a College, this process will be carried out with your department. However, there are a small number of postgraduate programmes where this process is dealt with by the department regardless of college membership. These programmes are mostly distance learning, distance taught or where teaching is carried out at weekends only. Registration Time Each student is assigned a registration time period, during and after which you will be granted access to online registration. Students cannot register (either online or in person) prior to this time period.

XAP Task 1 Essays - Medicine, Health, RTT, Vaccines,

XAP Task 1 XAP Task 1 A1. Nursing Article Friedl, A. A., Aegerter, C. C., Saner, E. E., Meier, D. D., Beer, J. J. (2012). An intensive 5-year-long influenza vaccination campaign is effective among doctors but not nurses. Infection, 40(1), 57-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21956456 Table: Background/ Introduction This article was written to inspire healthcare staff in different hospital settings to accept vaccinations as provided. The plan was to educate doctors and nurses and make vaccines available over a five-year period aimed at the importance of receiving the vaccines. The individuals who accepted vaccination were closely watched throughout the process. The data was collected at a teaching hospital between 2003 and 2007; follow-up data was provided from the time between 2008 and 2009. Two threats to the study were identified during the flu seasons of 2005 and 2009 with the outbreaks of the Avian Influenza and the H1N1 strands. Due to these outbreaks, an increase in vaccinations was seen amongst nurses and doctors, with doctors being the most accepting of vaccination during these periods. Review of the Literature Several trustworthy references are indicated providing statistical evidence for the years indicated in the study. The risks of not accepting the influenza vaccine and the benefits for acceptance are shown with adequate portrayal of the evidenced problem. No evidence of further evaluation from the author after the introduction was found; neither was it portrayed after the methodology. The article discussed research gathered from 2003 to 2009. Discussion of Methodology The information collected depicted the number of doctors and nurses who accepted the vaccination and who refused it , and the reason for each decision. Data Analysis Quantitative studies are accomplished by gathering numerical data, typically statistical, and reviewing the information. At the commencement of the study, the focus of the research was quantitative in nature but eventually proceeded to consist of the correlation and analysis of the information with the success of the interventions used related to the influenza occurrences within the years of the study. It was then shown that with the continuation of this study, the data showed whom within the study agreed to receive vaccination more, nurses or physicians, and, lastly, assessed the nurses' explanations for no response. Researcher's Conclusion When going over the data after the study was complete, it was concluded that: the acceptance of the vaccine did not significantly correlate to any certain interventions. But, a greater rate of acceptance did occur within the years of the two influenza outbreaks were rampant. It was shown with this study that the doctors accepted the vaccine more with interventions than did the nurses. It was evident that the methodology behind this study was accurate, a flaw in the planning process pronounced itself. This experiment was originally designed to present totality of doctors and nurses accepting the vaccine at this certain facility, however, was never taken into account those who received the vaccine at a different location. It was shown that the number one reason for rejection was because the nurse/ doctor did not want to get ill related to the vaccine. In reverse, the number one reason given for acceptance was to avoid becoming very ill, especially during the specific influenza outbreaks which had occurred during this study. A2. Analysis It is my conclusion that the study showed accuracy with the presentation of the data. The evidence collected within the five years was supported by referencing additional studies which were similar conducted in Europe. After reviewing the data collected in this study, it is concluded that the researchers whom conducted it portrayed accuracy when presenting their data. Not only was the evidence supported in this study, the researchers also made reference to similar studies conducted in Europe. Although the intentions of this study was to analyze the rate of vaccinations related to interventions, a secondary deduction has been brought forth relating to the factors of motivation to receive or deny vaccinations, and, also, ease to compare the rates to accept. Although the omission of the percent of individuals who received vaccinations elsewhere likely altered the results, the correlation amongst other similar studies throughout the region were astounding and supportive. The data collected, unfortunately, does not support the hypothesis of the researchers,

Examine how systems engineers at Northlinks Consultants control access to email files and network communication The WritePass Journal

Examine how systems engineers at Northlinks Consultants control access to email files and network communication Examine how systems engineers at Northlinks Consultants control access to email files and network communication Introduction Q1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What should Gwen do? Lawrence, manager at Northlinks Consultants believes staff spends a lot of time sending ‘personal’ emails to friends and family. As a result, he wants Gwen the systems engineer to help him have access to email files on all PCs in the office. Gwen is faced with mainly a morality issue. The morality issue in this case involves ‘spying’ on employees emails which though may be work related but may also contain information that they would not want in the public domain which Gwen views as a breach of trust. In ethically though, Bourke v. Nissan (www.loundy.com/CASES/Bourke_v_Nissan.html) is an example of a situation where a court has ruled as regards non privacy of emails when it is used on company internal network. Thus, if an e-mail system is used at a company, it belongs to the employer and as such; the employer is allowed to review its contents. These emails also include messages sent both internally (within the company) and externally and web based email accounts such as Yahoo too. As an employee at Northlinks, one may feel like the employer has breached one’s trust if one hears that the employer views their email files. However, if notice is given before such a policy is introduced, the situation might be better managed. It should be noted however that the company has no ethical obligations to inform the staff of the new policy (maybe only moral). Therefore in this regards, Gwen has no option but to do what Lawrence requires and her morals cannot be given higher priority than her work conduct. However, alternatively, Gwen could also suggest to Lawrence that workers should be told their emails are being reviewed so that they can keep private talk outside of work emails. Furthermore, Gwen may go ahead to let staff know about the ‘new’ policy before it is implemented. Another alternative for Gwen is to hand the job to another member of the team at least for this task if her morals cannot handle executing the task. Q2 Professional Codes of conduct as developed by Professional bodies are mainly a set of guidelines designed to show acceptable behaviour for members of the body. One virtue could be that adhering to professional ethics gives satisfaction to members of that group. As such, as a member of that body, in addition to having the satisfaction of meeting other requirements, one also gets the satisfaction of remaining a member because one has kept to the ethical codes of the body. Another virtue is highlighted in the fact that for most bodies, as one rises in degree in the body implies also the number of years he/she has spent adhering to the ethical standards. As such, one who has fully kept the standards of the body to the fullest is also most likely to be one in the top ratings of the body. For instance, a chartered Engineer would have kept within the codes of ethics of the engineering Society to get to that level and as such is accorded more respect in that field. Short comings of these ethical codes may be summarised in two subheadings – Enforceability and Vagueness. Vagueness – Most ethical codes are vague. This is actually a ‘quality’ of such codes as their vagueness helps in giving it room for interpretation. In most organisations, this interpretation is done by top level members. For example, the C.R.12 of the IMechE code of ethics states that â€Å"Members shall act honourably, responsibly, and lawfully so as to uphold the reputation, standing and dignity of the profession in general and the Institution in particular†. What does the term ‘act honourably’ imply? Does it mean that members of this body cannot be involved in say, a civil protest? Can that be termed as not acting honourably? Enforceability – like every law, ethical codes need to be enforced to be effective. However, for bodies like the IET, ImechE, etc., enforcing these codes on every member can be a hideous task. Unfortunately, when this is not done properly, the codes cannot be effective. As can be seen from the above, while having an ethical code has its virtues, it also has its short comings. However, the short comings while valid and can be misinterpreted and misapplied, like in the example given of the IMechE C.R.12 code. An example is the Goodrich A-7 brake case in 1972 (Harris, Pritchard and Rabbins 2009) when Goodrich corporation won a contract for the supply of brakes for the Navy A-7 aircraft. Testing showed clearly that the design would not function correctly based on Government regulations but Managers tried to trick government into thinking the design worked correctly. Searle Lawson (a young graduate Engineer) and Kermit Vandivier both working for Goodrich understood that their professional ethics mandated that public safety must be paramount in all decisions, informed the FBI which then informed Government Accounting office. Goodrich immediately fired Vandivier and Lawson had to resign. Keeping to the Engineering codes cost Lawson and Vandivier their jobs. If they had not reported the case, they may have kept their jobs but lives may have been lost as in the DC-10 case also in 1972 (Harris, Pritchard and Rabbins 2009). Ethical codes help keep Engineers on their toes giving them ‘laws’ to refer to when litigations arise. Therefore, this writer feels that having professional ethics do not in any way, outweigh not having them. Q3 According to an online resource (wiktionary), Ethics is â€Å"the study of principles relating to right and wrong conduct or standards that govern the conduct of a person, especially a member of a profession†. In essence, within every profession lies a set of standards or ‘ground rules’ which guard that profession and which every member of that profession must adhere to. Any member of the profession who goes against these set standards can be dismissed or where possible, his membership of the profession can be cancelled. These set of ground rules are said to be the Ethics guarding that profession. Bower (notes) lists that ethical standards would typically include: A Code of Ethics Legal Requirements Moral and Personal Values Morality on the other hand is an ‘adopted’ set of rules and regulations or code of conduct within an environment for what is right and wrong. In modern society, morals have formed the spine of modern society especially in the case of religion. It should be noted that morals define an individual’s character while ethics are more guidelines for a group or society which members must follow and which morals are applied. An example can be seen in the case of a lawyer whose personal morals may define murder as a crime that should be punished but whose professional ethics expect him to defend an accused as vigorously as possible. With the advent of the internet and revolution in the Information Technology, there has been a need for the introduction of ethics or guidelines to guard against abuse. These ethics known as cyberethics is a code of responsible behaviour for using the Internet. Internet ethics however refer to code of conduct guarding against inappropriate use of online resources. Online resources could be documents in online libraries, etc. An example of inappropriate use of online resources could be sending of spam messages (RFC 1087). Computer ethics overall cover the way computing professionals should make decisions regarding professional and social conduct (Bynum 2005). This as we can see is not restricted to the use of computers as in the case of Internet and Cyberethics, but covers the individual professionals themselves and how the conduct themselves. Like Margaret Anne Pierce and John Henry said, these ethical decisions related to computer technology and usage can be categorised thus: The individuals own personal code. Any informal code of ethical behaviour that exists in the work place. Exposure to formal codes of ethics. Q4 There are some key issues involved in this article. The bridge had reached a critical stage which according to Engineer A’s recommendation and expertise suggestions by a consulting and inspection firm, required urgent repairs. The current state of the bridge also meant that it was a danger to the general public and so it was closed. However, probably due to the inconvenience caused by closing the bridge, the idea of closure did not go down well with the public and closure signs were ignored and when permanent signs were placed, the public protested. Also may be due to public outcry, the bridge was reopened with a limit on load going over it and which Engineer A has clearly seen is being ignored. As it stands, due to the reopening of the bridge, there is a danger to the general public. One of the fundamental Canons of a many Engineering codes including the American Society of Civil Engineers says that â€Å"Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public and shall strive to comply with the principles of sustainable development in the performance of their professional duties†. This engineering code request that the safety and welfare of the public be placed paramount in every situation. This implies that even in the situation where comfort is sacrificed, in this case, the inconvenience of having to go around the bridge, the welfare and safety should be put first. In addition, it can be seen that the Commission may have been swayed by political motives in the reopening of the bridge. Engineer A’s duty as dictated in another fundamental Canon of Civil Engineering code – â€Å"Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance the honour, integrity, and dignity of the engineering profession and shall act with zero-tolerance for bribery, fraud, and corruption†. This means that irrespective of public outcry or the pressure on him by politicians to reopen the bridge, Engineer A must maintain his stand and by putting the welfare of the public first. He should make his dissenting views known to the County Commission even if it is just for him to have a clear conscience. References Online resource. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ethics sourced 10/03/2011. Dr. Bowers’s Notes from the 4 Ethics Articles taken from Engineering Dimensions, Magazine Sourced online from http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/bondy2/lectures/ethics.pdf on 01/03/2011 Bynum, Terrell Ward. A Very Shory History of Computer Ethics. Southern Connecticut State University. Archived from the original on 2008-04-18. http://web.archive.org/web/20080418122849/southernct.edu/organizations/rccs/resources/research/introduction/bynum_shrt_hist.html. Retrieved 10/03/2011. Margaret, A, Henry, J. â€Å"Computer Ethics: The Role of Personal, Informal, and Formal Codes†. Journal of business ethics. Sourced online from springerlink.com/content/m3201253822641r0/ on 12/03/2011. Harris C.E., Pritchard M.S., Rabbins M.J. 2009. â€Å"Engineering Ethics: Concepts and Cases†. Fourth Edition. Wadsworth Engage Learning, Belmont, USA.

Critical Thinking Exercises for Students

Critical Thinking Exercises for Students Critical thinking is a skill that students develop gradually as they progress in school. While the skill becomes more important in higher grades, some students find it difficult to understand the concept of critical thinking. The reason critical thinking can be difficult to grasp is because it requires students to set aside assumptions and beliefs to learn to think without bias or judgment. Critical thinking involves suspending your beliefs to explore and question topics from a blank page point of view. It also involves the ability to distinguish fact from opinion when exploring a topic. These exercises are designed to help develop critical thinking skills. Critical Thinking Exercise 1: Tour Guide for an Alien This exercise provides an opportunity to think outside your normal way of thinking. Pretend that you have been assigned the task of conducting a tour for aliens who are visiting the earth and observing human life. Youre riding along in a blimp, viewing the landscape below, and you float over a professional baseball stadium. One of the aliens looks down and is very confused by what he sees. You explain that there is a game going on and he asks several important questions. What is a game?  Why are there no female players?Why do people get so excited about watching other people play games?What is a team?Why cant the people in the seats go down on the field and join in? If you try to answer these questions fully, it will quickly become apparent that we carry around certain assumptions and values. We support a certain team, for instance, because it makes us feel like were a part of a community. This sense of community is a value that matters to some people more than others. Furthermore, when trying to explain team sports to an alien, you have to explain the value we place on winning and losing. When you think like an alien tour guide, you are forced to take a deeper look at the things we do and things we value. Sometimes they dont sound logical from the outside looking in. Critical Thinking Exercise 2: Fact or Opinion Do you think you know the difference between fact and opinion? Its not always easy to discern. When you visit websites, do you believe everything you read? The abundance of available information makes it more important than ever for students to develop critical thinking skills. Additionally, its an important reminder that you must use trustworthy sources in your school work. If you dont learn the difference between fact and opinion, you may end up reading and watching things that continue to reinforce beliefs and assumptions you already own. For this exercise, read each statement and try to determine whether it sounds like a fact or an opinion. This can be completed alone or with a study partner. My mom is the best mom on earth.My dad is taller than your dad.My telephone number is difficult to memorize.The deepest part of the ocean is 35,813 feet deep.Dogs make better pets than turtles.Smoking is bad for your health.Eighty-five percent of all cases of lung cancer in the U.S. are caused by smoking.If you flatten and stretch out a Slinky toy it will be 87 feet long.Slinky toys are fun.One out of every one hundred American citizens is color blind.Two out of ten American citizens are boring. You will probably find some of the statements easy to judge but other statements difficult. If you can effectively debate the truthfulness of a statement with your partner, then its most likely an opinion.

MARKETING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

MARKETING - Essay Example Which is why we attend colleges and vocational education? A career is a journey not a destination. It is made up of a series of job profiles that a person has to fulfil before he attains his goal. Therefore, it is very important for a person to have a clear idea about what he wants to accomplish. Every job includes certain tasks, duties and responsibilities. In order to execute a job one needs to have certain skill sets. Through a reflective commentary one can analyse the skill sets that a person has to inculcate in order to reach his career goal. This can be done through a proper analysis of one’s skills and abilities. First and foremost, a person should define clearly what his career goal is. No analysis is complete without accurate determination of one’s career goal. Then one should know exactly the skill sets that are needed to achieve that goal. After that a person should do an introspection of his skills and abilities. If he has the required skills matching his ca reer goal, he should look for avenues for its development. If he does not have the skills he should look for developing them through self development, training and counselling. I am a student of Westminster University which is located at London in the United Kingdom. I am studying International Business with Spanish. I have certain strengths and weaknesses. My strengths are self confidence, the ability to think high, the ability to work in a team. The area of my weakness has been my introvert nature. Also, at times I get confused under pressure. I believe that my educational background and also my attitude provide me certain opportunities in life. I believe in learning from others and acquiring experience. Experience can also help me to acquire more ideas and knowledge. Besides knowledge of International Business, I am also well versed in the maintenance of aircraft. I have got a rich and vivid work experience. I have worked in Saudi Airlines along